{"id":109,"date":"2015-11-16T16:22:22","date_gmt":"2015-11-16T23:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/?page_id=109"},"modified":"2025-01-14T12:39:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T20:39:10","slug":"spatial-analysis-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/schedule\/slides\/spatial-analysis-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Spatial Analysis II: Interpolation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Transforming spatial data using methods such as spatial interpolation is a very important step in many GIS analyses. As such, I&#8217;ll present an in-depth review of the topic in this lecture. This topic is mentioned in <strong>Chapter 13.3.6<\/strong> of your text, as well in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/geographic-information-system-basics\/s11-geospatial-analysis-i-vector-o.html\">Chapter 7<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/geographic-information-system-basics\/s12-geospatial-analysis-ii-raster-.html\">Chapter 8<\/a> of GIS Basics, but unfortunately neither source provide much of an overview.\u00a0 This topic is also addressed in more detail in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spatialanalysisonline.com\/HTML\/index.html\">Geospatial Analysis, Chapter 6<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Spatial interpolation, one of the more important spatial data transformation techniques, is a necessary element in many GIS-based analyses. Often you obtain data in one form (e.g., pH values at wells, elevation values at spot heights, PM 2.5 values from air quality stations) and need to conduct analyses with surfaces or other point data sets (i.e., transform the data from one spatial data type to another). Creating surfaces from points is a very complex process&#8211;both from a conceptual point-of-view (knowing which method is most appropriate) and from a process point-of-view (the mathematics can be complex). As such, spending some time learning about spatial interpolation is beneficial.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/lecture-notes\/spatial-analysis-2\/spatial-interpolation-explanatory-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View Spatial Interpolation explanatory examples &gt;&gt;<\/a><br \/>\n<div id=\"random-accordion-id-651\" class=\"accordion-shortcode  \">\n<h3 ><a href=\"#learning-objectives-0\" >Learning Objectives<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"learning-objectives-0\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand why 'knowing' your data is vital when transforming it;<\/li>\n<li>Recognize when spatial analysis \/ a spatial transformation of data is required;<\/li>\n<li>Be familiar with the multiple ways in which spatial data can be transformed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 ><a href=\"#required-readings-1\" >Required Readings<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"required-readings-1\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p><strong>Text<\/strong>: Chapter 13: Spatial Data Analysis<\/p>\n<p>Slides from the lecture are on Canvas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alternative text:<\/strong> GIS Basics: <a href=\"https:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/geographic-information-system-basics\/s11-geospatial-analysis-i-vector-o.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chapter 7: Vector Operations<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/geographic-information-system-basics\/s12-geospatial-analysis-ii-raster-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chapter 8: Raster Data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><h3 ><a href=\"#recommended-readings-2\" >Recommended Readings<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"recommended-readings-2\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p>Geospatial Analysis <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spatialanalysisonline.com\/HTML\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chapter 6: Surface and Field Analysis<\/a> and, in particular Section 6.5.2, provides a succinct overview of gridding and interpolation methods.<\/p>\n<p>ESRI has a <a href=\"http:\/\/desktop.arcgis.com\/en\/arcmap\/latest\/extensions\/geostatistical-analyst\/introduction-to-the-arcgis-geostatistical-analyst-tutorial.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">great tutorial on Geostatistical Analysis<\/a> (thus far, only for ArcMap unfortunately, but you can reproduce the method in ArcGIS Pro) that is well-worth going through. <a href=\"https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/help\/analysis\/geostatistical-analyst\/using-areal-interpolation-to-predict-to-new-polygons.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This discussion on areal interpolation<\/a> also introduces the <a href=\"https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/help\/analysis\/geostatistical-analyst\/get-started-with-geostatistical-analyst-in-arcgis-pro.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Geostatistical Wizard<\/strong><\/a>, a tool that we highly recommend you become familiar with.<\/p>\n<\/div><h3 ><a href=\"#useful-resources-3\" >Useful Resources<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"useful-resources-3\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/lecture-notes\/spatial-analysis-2\/analysis-and-propagation-of-errors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Notes on the analysis and propagation of errors<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ibis.geog.ubc.ca\/courses\/geob370\/notes\/interpolation\/SI_Temp_Est.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Techniques in Temperature Estimation<\/a> -\u00a0a good review of 8 different spatial interpolation techniques applied to temperature data by Fred Collins<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.naftaliharris.com\/blog\/visualizing-k-means-clustering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visualizing K-Means Clustering<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/lecture-notes\/spatial-analysis-2\/convex-hull\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Notes on the convex hull<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/lecture-notes\/spatial-analysis-2\/lattices-vs-grids\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Notes on lattices vs. grids<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voronoi_diagram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Voronoi Diagram<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delaunay_triangulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Delaunay Triangulation<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 ><a href=\"#keywords-4\" >Keywords<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"keywords-4\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p>interpolation, geostatistics (kriging), moving average (kernel) interpolation, \"know your data\", pycnophylactic, interpolation vs extrapolation, dual (the relation between a voronoi tesselation and a delaunay triangulation)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><!-- #random-accordion-id-651end of accordion shortcode --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transforming spatial data using methods such as spatial interpolation is a very important step in many GIS analyses. As such, I&#8217;ll present an in-depth review of the topic in this lecture. This topic is mentioned in Chapter 13.3.6 of your text, as well in\u00a0Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 of GIS Basics, but unfortunately neither source [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18620,"featured_media":0,"parent":73,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-109","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18620"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109"}],"version-history":[{"count":66,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5056,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109\/revisions\/5056"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}