{"id":88,"date":"2015-11-16T15:45:16","date_gmt":"2015-11-16T22:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/?page_id=88"},"modified":"2025-01-14T12:37:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T20:37:52","slug":"spatial-modeling-with-gis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/schedule\/slides\/spatial-modeling-with-gis\/","title":{"rendered":"Spatial Modeling with GIS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"level01text\">In your textbook you will find an overview of models and a discussion on the various ways that models can be integrated with a GIS. You should consider how the term <em>model<\/em>, as used in the previous notes on <em>Representing Geography<\/em>, is being used in a very different manner here (that is, a <em>data model<\/em> is a statement of <strong>how the world looks<\/strong>, while a <em>model<\/em>, as considered here, is an expression of <strong>how the world is believed to work<\/strong>). So, one model is like a <em>template<\/em> (i.e., a data model) while the other is <em>an expression of a process<\/em>. There are a variety of models that traditionally have been used (e.g., analog versus digital; static vs dynamic simulation, agent-based, cellular).<\/p>\n<p class=\"level01text\">For the purposes of this lecture, and in order to provide some additional background on a methodology that many of you may use in your project, I will concentrate on one important group of spatial modeling methods&#8211;<em>multi-criteria methods<\/em>. Although multi-criteria \/ multi-objective decision analysis is a complex topic, you should become familiar with these methods given how useful they are in many situations. As noted above, your textbook provides a broad review of spatial modeling in general. Other forms of modeling include boolean overlay, linear programming , network analysis, agent-based modeling, cellular automata, and spatial interaction modeling.<\/p>\n<div id=\"random-accordion-id-321\" class=\"accordion-shortcode  \">\n<h3 ><a href=\"#learning-objectives-0\" >Learning Objectives<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"learning-objectives-0\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Know what modeling means in the context of GIS;<\/li>\n<li>Be familiar with the important types of models and their applications;<\/li>\n<li>Be familiar with the software environments in which modeling takes place;<\/li>\n<li>Understand the needs of modeling and how these needs are being addressed<br \/>\nby current trends in GIS software.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 ><a href=\"#recommended-readings-1\" >Recommended Readings<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"recommended-readings-1\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p><strong>Text:<\/strong> Chapters 13: Spatial Data Analysis, Chapter 14: Spatial Analysis and Inference, and Chapter 15: Spatial Modeling with GI Systems<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/latest\/help\/analysis\/spatial-analyst\/suitability-modeler\/the-general-suitability-modeling-workflow.htm<\/p>\n<p>Slides from the lecture are on Canvas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alternative text<\/strong>: GIS Basics: Chapter 6, 7 and 8.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 ><a href=\"#additional-readings-2\" >Additional Readings<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"additional-readings-2\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p>Chapter 3: Methodological Context in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spatialanalysisonline.com\/HTML\/index.html\">Geospatial Analysis online text<\/a> is also worth reviewing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 ><a href=\"#useful-resources-3\" >Useful Resources<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"useful-resources-3\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dosull.github.io\/pattern-and-process\/\"><em>Spatial Simulation: Explore Pattern and Process<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gisagents.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Agent-Based Modeling in GIS<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wolfram MathWorld: <a href=\"http:\/\/mathworld.wolfram.com\/CellularAutomaton.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cellular Automaton<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 ><a href=\"#references-4\" >References<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"references-4\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p>Cohon, Jared l., 1978. <i><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?id=i4Qese2aNooC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Cohon,+Jared+l.,+1978.+Multiobjective+Programming+and+Planning,&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=Vs2ITr_YD4njiALRvM3WDA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Cohon%2C%20Jared%20l.%2C%201978.%20Multiobjective%20Programming%20and%20Planning%2C&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Multiobjective Programming and Planning<\/a><\/i>, Academic Press, Mathematics in Science and Engineering, Vol. 140<\/p>\n<p>Courtney, J.F., Jr., T.D. Klastorin and T.W. Ruefli, 1972. \"A Goal Programme Approach to Urban-Suburban Location Preference, \" <i>Management Science<\/i> 18:258-268.<\/p>\n<p>Dane. C.W., N.C. Meador and J.B. White, 1977. \"Goal Programming in Land Use Planning,\" <i>Journal of Forestry<\/i> 75:325-329.<\/p>\n<p>Diamond, J.T. and Wright, J.R., 1988. Design of an integrated spatial system for multiobjective land-use planning, <i>Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design<\/i>, Vol. 15, pp 205-214.<\/p>\n<p>Fisher, P., 1995. (Ed.). <i>Diffusion and Use of Geographic Information Technologies<\/i>, Kluwer Academic Publishers.<\/p>\n<p>Lee, S.M., 1972. <i>Goal Programming for Decision Analysis<\/i>, Auerbach, Philadelphia. A general introduction to Goal Programming.<\/p>\n<p>Malczewski, Jacek, 1999. <i><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/GIS_and_multicriteria_decision_analysis.html?id=2Zd54x4_2Z8C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GIS and Multicriteria decision analysis<\/a><\/i>, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York.<\/p>\n<p>Nijkamp, P. and Rietveld, P., 1986. Multiple Objective decision analysis in regional economics. In P. Nijkamp (Ed.). <i>Handbook of Regional Economics<\/i>, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam.<\/p>\n<p>Voogd, H., 1983.<a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=zuAOAAAAQAAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PR11&amp;ots=r4zdpeERrG&amp;sig=KkQQXr7ysFRHUmdoU8s2hr_YSHs#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <i>Multicriteria Evaluation for Urban and Regional Planning<\/i><\/a>, Pion, London.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 ><a href=\"#keywords-5\" >Keywords<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"keywords-5\" class=\"accordian-shortcode-content \" ><\/p>\n<p>analytical hierarchy process (AHP), boolean {logic, analysis}, factors &amp; constraints, factor standardization \/ normalization, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.ca\/search?hl=en&amp;safe=off&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;hs=7VO&amp;rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&amp;defl=en&amp;q=define:Heuristic&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=GPXYTI3UHYfEsAPHicneBw&amp;ved=0CBUQkAE&amp;gws_rd=ssl\">heuristic<\/a>, multi-criteria \/ multi-objective evaluations, sensitivity analysis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><!-- #random-accordion-id-321end of accordion shortcode -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In your textbook you will find an overview of models and a discussion on the various ways that models can be integrated with a GIS. You should consider how the term model, as used in the previous notes on Representing Geography, is being used in a very different manner here (that is, a data model [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18620,"featured_media":0,"parent":73,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-88","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18620"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88"}],"version-history":[{"count":80,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5054,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88\/revisions\/5054"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/advancedgis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}