Through my observations, I have noticed teachers using various techniques to engage students. Calling on students regularly to answer questions makes the class very interactive. The high level of enthusiasm shows that active learning is an important part of ensuring students understand and enjoy the material. I have also noticed that there are strategic ways of letting a student know that their answer is incorrect. Asking them to try again or calling on them later when you are sure that they know the answer to another question is an effective way of boosting their morale. Many teachers also place a strong emphasis on opinion-based questions. This provides a great opportunity for all students to share their own ideas and experiences without the fear of answering incorrectly. The think-pair-share discussion method also works well.  As well, having an open relationship with all of the students gives them the confidence to raise their hand during discussions and take part in activities. I think this promotes a great learning environment as it creates a safe space for all students. I am looking forward to using some of these techniques, as well as developing some of my own, to ensure all students are engaged and able to make real life connections to the course material.