{"id":5,"date":"2021-03-03T11:20:43","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T18:20:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/?page_id=5"},"modified":"2026-08-14T13:46:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T20:46:39","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"

Refereed Articles<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Spencer,B.J<\/strong>. (2026):\u00a0\u201cConsidering trade policy: Then and now<\/a>\u201d. In “Symposium in Honour of James A. Brander”, Canadian Journal of Economics, <\/em>59(2), 538-542.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Brander,J.A., Spencer,B.J.<\/strong> (2023): Intellectual property infringement by foreign firms: Import protection through the ITC or court<\/a>, Journal of Internatonal Economcis<\/em> 140,103694. NBER working paper 28496<\/a><\/p>\n

Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2022). Differentiated Entry or “Me-too” Entry in Bertrand and Cournot Oligopoly<\/a>, Review of Industrial Organization<\/em>, 60(1) 1-27<\/p>\n

Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.<\/strong>J. (2021). Patent assertion entities and the courts: Injunctive or fee-based relief?<\/a>, International Review of Law and Economics<\/em> 65, 105974<\/p>\n

Head, K., Spencer, B.J. <\/strong>(2017). Oligopoly in international trade: Rise, fall and resurgence<\/a>, Canadian Journal of Economics<\/em> 50(5), 1414-1444; NBER working paper 23720<\/a><\/p>\n

Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2015). Intra-Industry Trade with Bertrand and Cournot Oligopoly: The Role of Endogenous Horizontal Product Differentiation<\/a>, Research in Economics<\/em>, 69(2, June), 157-165; NBER working paper 21008<\/a><\/p>\n

Feenstra, R., Hong, C., Ma, H., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2013).\u00a0 Contractual versus non-contractual trade: The role of institutions in China<\/a>.\u00a0 Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization<\/em>, 94, October 2013, 281-294. NBER working paper 17728<\/a><\/p>\n

Dimand, R., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2009). Trevor Swan and the Neoclassical Growth Model<\/a>. History of Political Economy<\/em>, 41(annual sup), 107-126. NBER working paper 13950<\/a><\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2005). International Outsourcing and Incomplete Contracts.<\/a> Canadian Journal of Economics<\/em>, 38(4), 1107-1135. NBER working paper 11418<\/a><\/p>\n

Head, K., Ries, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2004). Vertical Networks and U.S. Auto Parts Exports: Is Japan Different?<\/a> Journal of Economics and Management Strategy<\/em>, 13(1, Spring), 37-67.<\/p>\n

Qiu, L., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2002). Keiretsu and Relationship-Specific Investments: Implications for Market-Opening Policy<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 58(1, Oct), 49-79.<\/p>\n

Zhou, D., Vertinsky, I., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2002). Strategic Trade Policy with Endogenous Choice of Quality and Asymmetric Costs<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 56(1, Jan), 205-232.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Qiu, L.D. (2001). Keiretsu and Relationship-Specific Investments: A Barrier to Trade?<\/a> International Economic Review<\/em>, 42(4, Nov), 871-901.<\/p>\n

Ishikawa, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1999). Rent-Shifting Export Subsidies with an Imported Intermediate Product.<\/a> Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 48(2), 199-232.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1997). Quota Licenses for Imported Capital Equipment: Could Bureaucrats Ever Do Better than the Market?<\/a> Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 43(1\/2, Aug), 1-29.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Raubitschek, R. (1996). High-Cost Domestic Joint Ventures and International Competition: Do Domestic Firms Gain?<\/a> International Economic Review<\/em>, 37(2, May), 315-340.<\/p>\n

Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1994). Trade Adjustment Assistance: Welfare and Incentive Effects of Payments to Displaced Workers<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 36(3\/4, May), 239-261.<\/p>\n

Dowrick, S., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1994). Union Attitudes to Labour-Saving Innovation: When are Unions Luddites?<\/a> Journal of Labor Economics<\/em>, 12(2), 316-344.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Brander, J.A. (1992). Precommitment and Flexibility: Applications to Oligopoly Theory<\/a>. European Economic Review<\/em>, 36(8, Dec), 1601-1626.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Jones, R.W. (1992). Trade and Protection in Vertically Related Markets<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 32(1\/2, Feb), 31-56.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Jones, R.W. (1991). Vertical Foreclosure and International Trade Policy<\/a>. Review of Economic Studies<\/em>, 58(1, Jan), 153-170.<\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1989). Moral Hazard and Limited Liability: Implications for the Theory of the Firm<\/a>. International Economic Review<\/em>, 30(4, Nov), 833-849.<\/p>\n

Jones, R.W., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1989). Raw Materials, Processing Activities and Protectionism<\/a>. Canadian Journal of Economics<\/em>, 22(3, Aug), 469-486.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1988). Capital Subsidies and Countervailing Duties in Oligopolistic Industries<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 25(1\/2, Aug), 45-69.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1988). Countervailing Duty Laws and Subsidies to Imperfectly Competitive Industries<\/a>. In R. Baldwin, C. Hamilton, A. Sapir (Eds.), Issues in US-EC Trade Relations<\/em>. (pp. 313-334). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press<\/p>\n

Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1988). Unionized Oligopoly and International Trade Policy<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 24(3\/4, May), 217-234.<\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1987). Foreign Direct Investment with Unemployment and Endogenous Taxes and Tariffs<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 22(3\/4, May), 257-279.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1986). What Should Trade Policy Target?<\/a> In P. Krugman (Ed.), Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics<\/em>. (pp. 69-90). U.K and MA: Cheltenham and Northampton. Reprinted in Joanne E. Oxley & Bernard Yeung (ed.), 1998. “Structural Change, Industrial Location and Competitiveness<\/a><\/b>,”\u00a0Books<\/a>, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1356.. PDF version<\/a><\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1985). Tacit Collusion, Free Entry and Welfare<\/a>. Journal of Industrial Economics<\/em>, 33(3, Mar), 277-294.<\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1985). Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 18(1\/2), 83-100. Reprinted in International Trade, Volume 1. Welfare and Trade Policy<\/em>, J. Peter Neary ed., Elgar Reference Collection, International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, 1995, Aldershot U.K. and Brookfield, Vt., 59, 201-218.<\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1985). Ramsey Optimal Two-Part Tariffs: The Case of Many Heterogeneous Groups<\/a>. Public Finance<\/em>, 40(3), 335-346.<\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1984). Trade Warfare: Tariffs and Cartels<\/a>. Journal of International Economics<\/em>, 16(3\/4, May), 227-242.<\/p>\n

Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>\u00a0(1984). Tariff Protection and Imperfect Competition<\/a>. In H. Kierzkowski (Ed.), Monopolistic Competition and Product Differentiation and International Trade<\/em>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Reprinted. In G. Grossman (Ed.), Imperfect Competition and International Trade<\/em>. (pp. 107-120). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Brander, J. (1983). International R&D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy<\/a>. Review of Economic Studies<\/em>, 50 (4)(163), 707-722. Reprinted in Industrial Policy and Competitive Advantage, Volume 1. The Mandate for Industrial Policy<\/em>, Audretsh, David B. ed., Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, 1998, Cheltenham U.K. and Northampton MA, 84<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Brander, J. (1983). Second Best Pricing of Publicly Produced Inputs: The Case of Downstream Imperfect Competition<\/a>. Journal of Public Economics<\/em>, 20(1, Feb), 113-120.<\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1983). Strategic Commitment with R&D: The Symmetric Case<\/a>. Bell Journal of Economics<\/em>, 14(1,Spring), 225-235.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1982). Asymmetric Information and Excess Budgets in Government Bureaucracies: A Principal and Agent Approach<\/a>. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization<\/em>, 3(2-3 Jun\/Sept), 197-225.<\/p>\n

Brander, J., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1981). Tariffs and Extraction of Foreign Monopoly Rent Under Potential Entry<\/a>. Canadian Journal of Economics<\/em>, 14(3, Aug), 371-389. Reprinted in Readings in International Trade<\/em> (revised edition), 1987, Jagdish Bhagwati ed. M.I.T. Press<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1980). Outside Information and the Degree of Monopoly Power of a Public Bureau<\/a>. Southern Economic Journal<\/em>, 47(1, July), 228-233.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Hum, D. (1977). Workload and Seasonal Variations in Birthrates: Reconsidered<\/a>. American Anthropologist<\/em>, 79(4, Dec), 911-912.<\/p>\n

Hum, D., Lobdell, R., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1977). Plantations, Staple Exports and the Seasonality of Births in Jamaica, 1880-1930<\/a>. Social and Economic Studies<\/em>, 26(1, Mar), 63-85.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Hum, D., Deprez, P. (1976). Spectral Analysis and the Study of Seasonal Fluctuations in Historical Demography<\/a>. Journal of European Economic History<\/em>, 5(1, Spring), 171-190.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1976). Size of Population and Variability of Demographic Data (17th and 18th Centuries)<\/a>. GENUS<\/em>, 32(3-4), 11-42. Published by: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d<\/a> Issue Stable URL: http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/i29788125<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Hum, D. (1976). Workload and Seasonal Variation in Birthrates: Some International Comparisons<\/a>. International Journal of Comparative Sociology<\/em>, 17(1-2), 48-58.<\/p>\n

Nicolaou C., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, (1975). Product Diversification and the MultiProduct Firm<\/a>. Southern Economic Journal<\/em>, 42(1),1-10.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Contributions to Dictionaries and Conference Volumes<\/h2>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Dimand, R. (2010). The Diagrams of the Solow-Swan model<\/a>. In M. Blaug, P. Lloyd (Eds.), Famous Figures and Diagrams in Economics<\/em>. (pp. 426-431). U.K.: Edward Elgar.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>, Brander, J. (2008). Strategic Trade Policy<\/a>. In S. Durlauf, L. Blume (Eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics<\/em>, 2nd Edition. UK: Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.<\/p>\n

Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (1995). The Theory and Consequences of Results-oriented Trade Policy: Comments. In A. Deardorff, J. Levinsohn, R. Stern (Eds.), New Directions in Trade Theory. (pp. 327-336). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.<\/p>\n

Brander, J. A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong>\u00a0(1983). Local Telephone Pricing, Two-Part Tariffs and Price Discrimination. In L. Courville, A. DeFonteney, R. Dobell (Eds.), Economic Analysis of Telecommunications: Theory and Applications<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Working Papers<\/h2>\n

Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2015). Intra-Industry Trade with Bertrand and Cournot Oligopoly: The Role of Endogenous Horizontal Product Differentiation, NBER working paper w21008. Much revised version now published as Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J.<\/strong> (2022). Differentiated Entry or “Me-too” Entry in Bertrand and Cournot Oligopoly, Review of Industrial Organization<\/em>, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11151-021-09822-1<\/a><\/p>\n

Croft, E. W. ; Spencer, B. J. (October 2004)<\/a>. Fees and surcharging in automatic teller machine networks: The Role of Non-banks and Depositor base. Earlier version: NBER working paper w9883, July 2003<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Croft, E. W., Spencer B. J. (2003). Fees and surcharging in automatic teller machine networks: Non-bank ATM providers versus large banks. NBER working paper w9883, July 2003<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Refereed Articles Spencer,B.J. (2026):\u00a0\u201cConsidering trade policy: Then and now\u201d. In “Symposium in Honour of James A. Brander”, Canadian Journal of Economics, 59(2), 538-542.\u00a0 Brander,J.A., Spencer,B.J. (2023): Intellectual property infringement by foreign firms: Import protection through the ITC or court, Journal of Internatonal Economcis 140,103694. NBER working paper 28496 Brander, J.A., Spencer, B.J. (2022). Differentiated Entry […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13851,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13851"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5"}],"version-history":[{"count":79,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":191,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5\/revisions\/191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/barbaraspencer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}