There are 4 major applications of GIS in health geography: spatial epidemiology, environmental hazards, modelling health services, and identifying health inequalities. Spatial epidemiology is focused on the understanding of spatial patterns in disease. As populations are spread unevenly, populations tend to be more fluid and people live in communities, which means, geography can play a crucial role in the spatial distribution of disease. They also help us understand trends and mapping variations. There are 4 major applications of spatial epidemiology: disease mapping, cluster detection, spatial exposure assessment and assessment of risk of disease. Environmental hazards both map hazards and help prevent future problems through analyzing exposure and outcome surveillance. Modelling health services and identifying health inequalities are interrelated as they both deal with mapping and identifying socioeconomic and demographic data.
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