{"id":613,"date":"2020-02-27T16:12:12","date_gmt":"2020-02-27T23:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/?p=613"},"modified":"2020-02-27T16:32:46","modified_gmt":"2020-02-27T23:32:46","slug":"patriarchy-and-paradigms-in-the-study-of-chinese-law-part-ii-written-by-jie-cheng","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/2020\/02\/27\/patriarchy-and-paradigms-in-the-study-of-chinese-law-part-ii-written-by-jie-cheng\/","title":{"rendered":"Patriarchy and Paradigms in the Study of Chinese Law (Part II) Written by: Jie Cheng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Written by: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.allard.ubc.ca\/faculty-staff\/jie-cheng\">Jie Cheng<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Patriarchy and Paradigms in the Study of Chinese Law (Part II)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-614\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/files\/2020\/02\/2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/files\/2020\/02\/2.jpg 550w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/files\/2020\/02\/2-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/files\/2020\/02\/2-420x300.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Some neo-Confucian scholars claim the Chinese tradition displays characteristics of meritocracy, as the government selects the virtuous and capable through imperial examinations, securing talents for government positions. This is another effective flat organizational structure besides democracy. Indeed, the imperial examination system is a significant institution for changing one\u2019s class status in traditional Chinese society. But its most important function is to make status no longer depend on kinship. It does not eliminate differences in status. The process of the imperial examination even created a new quasi-kinship relationship: teacher-student friendship was generated between candidates and examiners, and between candidates and emperors. As the adage goes: even if someone is your teacher for only one day, you should regard him as your father for the rest of your life.<\/p>\n<p>At the level of gender relations, the domination of men over women and the disparity between genders disappeared in the legal system. Still, in reality, it is maintained due to the actual dominance of men. At the level of the parent-child relationship, patriarchy is replaced by custody in the legal sense, but the core rights of patriarchy &#8211; control and discipline &#8211; are protected by law. Even in the economic field, besides state-owned enterprises, China\u2019s most successful business organizations are basically family-owned corporations. In addition to entrepreneurship and innovation, entrepreneurs are expected to demonstrate a patriarchal manner, to be the spokespersons of the rest\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u8bba\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u8d24\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u9009\u8d24\u4e0e\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f93\u9001\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u9762\u5316\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u8eab\u4efd\u7b49\u5dee\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u62df\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u8003\u751f\u4e0e\u8003\u5b98\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u8003\u751f\u4e0e\u7687\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u201c\u5e08\u751f\u4e4b\u8c0a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u4e00\u65e5\u4e3a\u5e08\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e3a\u7236\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e24\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7537\u5c0a\u5973\u5351\u548c\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u5dee\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5219\u56e0\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7236\u6743\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u88ab\u4eb2\u6743\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7236\u6743\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u548c\u7ba1\u6559\u6743\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6210\u529f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u521b\u4e1a\u548c\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd8\u671f\u671b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u5927\u5bb6\u957f\u98ce\u8303\uff0c\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u62df\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e24\u9020\u5bf9\u6297\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f88\u96be\u6210\u4e3a\u662f\u9996\u9009\u7ea0\u7eb7\u89e3\u51b3\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8840\u4eb2\u957f\u8f88\u6216\u62df\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0a\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u505c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u51fa\u73b0\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u8868\u660e\u53cc\u65b9\u786e\u5b9e\u52bf\u5747\u529b\u654c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\uff08\u4e0d\u8ba1\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff09\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u975e\u8bbc\u201d\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u62df\u4eb2\u5c5e\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u627f\u8ba4\u8eab\u4efd\u7b49\u5dee\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u4f53\u5236\u5bb9\u6613\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u6e05\u672b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5317\u6d0b\u519b\u9600\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u96c6\u6743\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5bb6\u5ead\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u4f53\u5236\u5ac1\u63a5\u5728\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u5c06\u5916\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u5185\u90e8\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\uff0c\u62df\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e87\u62a4\u6216\u201c\u798f\u5229\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u798f\u5229\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u548c\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5747\u7b49\u5316\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u201c\u8001\u6709\u6240\u517b\u5e7c\u6709\u6240\u4f9d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u91ce\u65e0\u9057\u8d24\u201d\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6c11\u751f\uff1b\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7eb2\u5ba3\u79f0\u5176\u5728\u575a\u6301\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e09\u5ea7\u5927\u5c71\uff1b\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u201c\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u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de Beauvoir\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5973\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u65f6\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8212\u9002\u611f\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u5236\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u65e2\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u4efb\u52a1\u683c\u5916\u8270\u5de8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4e24\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u538b\u5236\u548c\u5974\u5f79\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\uff08patriarchy\uff09\u66f4\u591a\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0a\u5351\u3001\u957f\u5e7c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7ba1\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u7167\u7ba1\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u5236(paternalism)\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u6d88\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u653e\uff1f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7eb8\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u627f\u8bfa\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002Beauvoir\u66fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u62e5\u6709\u9009\u7968\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5c31\u4e1a\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5973\u6027\u62e5\u6709\u9009\u7968\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c31\u4e1a\u81ea\u7531\u751a\u81f3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u7537\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u6240\u538b\u5236\u7684\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u666e\u904d\u62df\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0b\u57fa\u4e8e\u957f\u5e7c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u4ece\u5c5e\uff08submissiveness\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u65e0\u8c13\u7684\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53cd\u6297\u5219\u9677\u5165\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u524d\u5e74\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u71ac\u6210\u5a46\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7236\u6743\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u503c\u5f97\u5e86\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u89c6\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u8fc8\u5f00\u89e3\u6784\u8fd9\u4e00\u8eab\u4efd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Written by: Jie Cheng \u7236\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09 Patriarchy and Paradigms in the Study of Chinese Law (Part II) Some neo-Confucian scholars claim the Chinese tradition displays characteristics of meritocracy, as the government selects the virtuous and capable through imperial examinations, securing &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/2020\/02\/27\/patriarchy-and-paradigms-in-the-study-of-chinese-law-part-ii-written-by-jie-cheng\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62920,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/62920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=613"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":615,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/613\/revisions\/615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/cals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}