A graduate student in human geography

Source text:

We want to conclude this section by arguing that the defining characteristics of contemporary gentrification should include in the widest sense: (1) reinvestment of capital; (2) social upgrading of locale by incoming high-income groups; (3) landscape change; and (4) direct or indirect displacement of low-income groups.

Source:

Davidson M and Lees L (2005) New-build ‘gentrification’ and London’s riverside renaissance. Environment and Planning A 37(7): 1165-1190.

Writer’s text:

Gentrification involves the socioeconomic upgrade of the place by incoming groups; the land reinvestment; the landscape change and the replacement/displacement of existing low-income groups (Davidson and Lees, 2005, p.1170).

Writer’s comment:

I used to write as “social upgrading”. And then my supervisor said it’s not clear. He said because the meaning is definitely socioeconomic status, so he asked me to change it to “socioeconomic upgrade.”