All posts by Jui-Ping Lin

Example 44- Graduate science student

Graduate Students, Hard Sciences, Leave a comment

A graduate student in civil engineering

Source text :

Addition of 0.34 g P as Na2HPO+ and 5.04 g N as NaNO3 per square meter to a small unproductive Canadiari Shield lake over a period of 17 weeks caused a several fold increase in phytoplankton standing crop, and a change in dominant species from. Chrysophyceae to Chlorbphyta.’

Source:

Schindler, D. W., Armstrong, F. A. J., Holmgren, S. K., & Brunskill, G. J. (1971). Eutrophication of Lake 227 , Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario, by Addition of Phosphate and Nitrate. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 28, 1763–1782.

Writer’s text:

Schindler’s experiments on Lake 227, a small unproductive lake, involved adding 0.34 g of P as Na2HPO4 and 5.04 g of N as NaNO3 per square meter, over 17 weeks. Over those 17 weeks, the fertilization caused a severalfold increase in the phytoplankton and shifted the dominant bacteria towards species of cyanobacteria, despite the phosphorus concentrations rarely exceeding 0.05 ug/L P-PO4. This experiment also gave evidence that phosphorus accumulates in the bottom sediments based on their mass-balance calculations (D. W. Schindler et al., 1971)⁠.

Writer’s comment:

Here I was summarizing… paraphrasing this paper to describe the experiment they had done. This statement here is a summary of the experiment and this statement here is a paraphrase of the experiment.

Example 42- Graduate science student

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An graduate student in chemical and biological engineering

Source text:

“The catalytic activity of Pt nano-particles is highly dependent on their surface structures. Surface defects, that is, step and kink atoms with low coordination numbers (CN<8), usually exhibit very high chemical reactivity and catalytic activity for most structure- sensitive reactions…”

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Example 41- Graduate science student

Graduate Students, Hard Sciences Leave a comment

A graduate student in civil engineering

Source text:

‘Addition of 0.34 g P as Na2HPO+ and 5.04 g N as NaNO3 per square meter to a small unproductive Canadiari Shield lake over a period of 17 weeks caused a several fold increase in phytoplankton standing crop, and a change in dominant species from. Chrysophyceae to Chlorbphyta. Reactive phosphate concentrations remained at undetectable levels in the epilimnion after fertilization, und inorganic nitrogen concentrations remained low’ Most of the added phosphorus and niirogen was-rapidly taken up by phytoplankton and sedimented with the seston. Although concentrations of total COz decreased to less than 20 pmoles/liter and pH values increised to greater than 9 in late summer, a high standing crop of ph) ‘toplankton was maintained. No marked increase in the rate of phytoplankton production was noticed, Experiments in polyethyiene containers suspended in the lake during this period of low total Cdz indicated that iarbon was not limiting to algal production, except possibly at algal standing crois in excess of 100 pg/liter chlorophyll o, and that phosphorus was the primary limiting nutrient.’

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Example 38- Graduate science student

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A graduate student from biomedical engineering

Source text:

“Faster runners maintained higher stride rates and lengths throughout the race and made greater use of a non-RFS pattern at the end of the race compared with the slower finishers.” – (abstract)

Source:

Kasmer ME, Wren JJ, Hoffman MD. Foot strike pattern and gaits changes during a 161-km ultramarathon. J Strength Cond Res. 2013. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000282.

Writer’s text:

Commercially, GA is also offered as an assessment tool of athletic performance by identifying locomotive inefficiencies1 (p.1)

Writer’s comment:

I got it from PubMed. Kasmer. So these papers are usually searched through our database PubMed. So the conclusion of the study was “Faster runners …”, so I am basically just generalizing it by saying it is used to assess “locomotive inefficiencies”… So in this case the topic is specific about marathon runners but I am generalizing to become athletic performance because that’s too detailed for the context that I present for the readers. So for that particular reference that [it is]  generalized the entire study in one sentence, just to provide an example to support what I am saying… Again to generalize it. … they are talking about “foot strike patterns” and I’ve changed it to inefficiencies.

Example 37- Graduate science student

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An graduate student in electronic engineering

Source text:

Initial studies show that, in principle, variable speed wind turbines can provide a greater inertia effect than conventional synchronous machines, because generator torque can be increased at will, extracting relatively large amounts of energy from the spinning wind turbine rotor. This decelerates the wind turbine rotor rapidly, and so may not be sustained for very long before aerodynamic torque is reduced. High generator torque also results in high loads on the drive train, which may add significant cost.

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