A graduate student in gender studies
“Eco-certification is legitimized in part by a standard narrative portraying the state as ineffective with respect to protecting vulnerable subjects, leaving certification agents in a position of trustee, acting on behalf of these subjects.”
A graduate student in gender studies
Sales of Fairtrade-certified goods grew by 19% to £1.57 billion in 2012, according to statistics released as part of Fair trade Fortnight, which begins today.
A graduate student in literature
New and improved conveyances that made travel faster, cheaper and easier created a more mobile population, and with mobility came new exposures and interactions. (P. 123). Eventually published as The Relationship of Railway Corporations to Public Hygiene, Cronk’s speech became one of the numerous pamphlets circulating at this time to sound the alarm about the many disease carriers – human, animal, and insect – traveling by rail, turning rail carriers into disease carriers by association.
A graduate student in human geography
We want to conclude this section by arguing that the defining characteristics of contemporary gentrification should include in the widest sense: (1) reinvestment of capital; (2) social upgrading of locale by incoming high-income groups; (3) landscape change; and (4) direct or indirect displacement of low-income groups.
Davidson M and Lees L (2005) New-build ‘gentrification’ and London’s riverside renaissance. Environment and Planning A 37(7): 1165-1190.
Gentrification involves the socioeconomic upgrade of the place by incoming groups; the land reinvestment; the landscape change and the replacement/displacement of existing low-income groups (Davidson and Lees, 2005, p.1170).
I used to write as “social upgrading”. And then my supervisor said it’s not clear. He said because the meaning is definitely socioeconomic status, so he asked me to change it to “socioeconomic upgrade.”
An graduate student in gender studies
Our study found that casual workers (often women) had least access to rights enshrined in codes of labour practice or to their legal entitlements, and were rarely unionised or represented on workers committees. (722)
Barrientos, S and S. Smith. (2007) “Do Workers Benefit from Ethical Trade? Assessing Codes of Labour Practice in Global Production Systems”. Third World Quarterly 28(4): 713-729.
In their study on labor codes in the agrifood industry, Barrientos and Smith found that labor codes were particularly weak “in terms of workers’ right to organize and bargain collectively, and in relation to gender issues” (2007, p.715). Women suffered not only directly due to their gendered position in patriarchal systems, but also indirectly, as they were most likely to be casual workers and as such, had least access to rights, legal representation or entitlements.
I used “casual workers”, “rights”, “entitlement”. … It says “legal entitlement” and “were rarely unionized or represented”. So I have taken “represented” from her and mixed it with “legal entitlement” to say “legal representation or entitlement”. Because it’s past tense, it means it is in relation to the study.