Author Archives: yingwen wang

The Fluoride Toothpaste

Posted on November 12, 2016 | 1 comment

The Fluoride Toothpaste

Toothpaste plays an important role in our daily life, it provides a fresh smell for our breath and prevents our teeth. However, have you ever pay attention the ingredients of the toothpaste? Are the ingredients really good for teeth and your health?

In the markets, toothpastes can be divided into two main categories. One contains fluoride, and the other does not have fluoride. Why does toothpaste contain fluoride? And is fluoride good for our teeth?

toothpaste.Source from http://www.clipartkid.com/toothpaste-cliparts/

The existence of fluoride in toothpaste can help remove plaque, which is a fill of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums everyday. The bacteria remains on teeth can cause teeth decay, therefore it is necessary to use fluoride to remove plaque and make teeth stronger. What is more, fluoride helps to repair the enamel by replenishing the lost calcium and phosphorous to keep the teeth hard.

However, some people should not use fluoride contained toothpaste. For example, child under two years old should use fluoride free toothpaste. It is very likely for children to swallow too much fluoride since they cannot spit out toothpaste very well. And if too much fluoride is taken by children, it can cause dental fluorosis. The discoloration and pitting are very likely to appear on the teeth. Not only the teeth will be coated by brown spots, also teeth may feel rough.

royalty-free-toothpaste-clipart-illustration-438660

Children with toothpaste. Source from http://www.illustrationsof.com/438660-royalty-free-toothpaste-clipart-illustration

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Nowadays, in order to ensure the water quality, the fluoride is added into drnking water. And some food, beverages and other sources may contain fluoride as well. Even for an adult, it is not good when excess fluoride is taken into the body. In order to be good got teeth and health, it is better to speak with a dentist and according to your current fluoride intake to decide if a fluoride toothpaste is suitable for you or not.

References:

Learn More About Toothpaste. http://www.ada.org/en/science-research/ada-seal-of-acceptance/product-category-information/toothpaste. (assessed Nov 12th 2016).

Why Use A Fluoride Free Toothpaste? http://www.colgate.com/en/us/oc/oral-health/basics/fluoride/article/sw-281474979286061. (assessed Nov 12th 2016).

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Is Sparkling Water Bad For Your Health?

Posted on October 23, 2016 | 1 comment

 Is Sparkling Water Bad For Your Health?

Nowadays more and more different types of beverages have come to people’s life. And sparkling water is becoming popular due to its good taste, lovely bubbles and also it is a good alternative to sugary soft drinks. However a question has come to people’s concern: is sparkling water really good for health?

picture

a picture of sparkling water, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

In a market you can find a lot of water which contains bubbles, such as club soda, soda water, seltzer water and fizzy water. Do not be dazzled. these different types of water are just some fancy names of carbonated water. They have similar produce process, ingredients and effects. The bubbles in sparkling water are come from carbon dioxide, when drinking sparkling water, it will produce carbon dioxide gas in your stomach ,which can make you feel full for a longer time compared to normal water. And thecarbon dioxide can react chemically with water producing carboxylic acid which causes sparkling water become acidic, with the following equations: CO2+H2O<—-> H2CO3, H2CO3<—-> H+ +HCO3-. However, do not worry drinking acidic beverage can make your body become acidic. There are buffers in your body can balance PH, and also your kidneys and lungs can remove excess carbon dioxide and maintain the PH.

However some people may compare sparkling waters with cola, due to they are all called “carbonated beverage”. Cola is not good for bone health, since it can weaken bone strength. It is not because cola is acidic, it is due to cola has other ingredients such as phosphorus. One researcher had found out there is no evidence showing carbonate consumption would effect bone strength.

Based on the information above, there is no evidence that sparkling water is bad for your healthy. In order to find the sparking water which is suitable for your body, always read the ingredient list and pay attention to ingredients.

 

Reference:

Carbonated Water Good or Bad? https://authoritynutrition.com/carbonated-water-good-or-bad/ (assessed on Oct 22nd 2016)
Is Carbonated Water Bad for You? http://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/is-carbonated- water-bad-for-you#3. (assessed on Oct 22nd 2016).
Is Sparkling water as Healthy as Regular Water? rhttp://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/ sparkling-water-healthy-regular-water-article-1.1460179. (assessed on Oct 22nd 2016).

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What you do not know about the gasoline?

Posted on October 16, 2016 | Leave a comment

What you do not know about the gasoline?
During last summer time back to China, I found out at gas stations gasoline were labelled as different numbers, such as #92, #93, #95, and #97. As far as I know, in the past several years most peo- ple were using #93 and #97, but recently government tries to encourage public using #92 and #95. And then I was curious about the following questions: What do these numbers represent? Which number is the best choice for divers? And why does government encourage public purchasing spe- cific numbered gasoline?

I have asked some people whether they know the meaning of different numbered gasoline, most of them told me the higher number represents the purer gasoline. However according to “Urban Trans- port And the Environment” article, the number has no relationship with gasoline’s purity, it only refers to the amount of octane in the gasoline. The presence of Octane can reduce the explosion possibility. And the higher octane rating is, the less likely explode will occur. This phenomenon is due to octane burns slowly with its long hydrocarbon chain. Based on thermodynamics and engine efficiency, different engines have various compression rations. Normally the lower compression ratio a vehicle has, the smaller number of gasoline it should use, and when a high numbered gasoline is used by a low compression ratio vehicle , it could cause incomplete combustion and can be harmful for the engine.

Nowadays governments are encouraging public to use #92 gasoline instead of #93. This is because #92 is more environmental friendly than #93. As being reported, sulfur content limit in #92 has been reduced from 50 mg per kilogram to 10 mg per kilogram compared with #93. When using gasoline #92 instead of #93, it becomes better for environment.

Based on the information above, the gasoline which is being used recently becomes more and more environmental friendly. And a higher numbered gasoline does not guarantee it would be better for engine, it only represents the more octane existing in gasoline.

Reference:

The difference between #92 gasoline and #93 http://www.autohome.com.cn/dealer/201405/12201588.html(assessed Oct 2nd 2016). http://bbs.pcauto.com.cn/topic-5089619.html
Octane Rating
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating(assessed Oct 2nd 2016).
What does 92, 95 and 98 on petrol mean? https://onthegreenwagon.wordpress.com/2014/10/14/what-does-92-95-and-98-on-petrol-means/ (assessed Oct 2nd 2016).

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What you do not know about the gasoline?

Posted on October 2, 2016 | Leave a comment

                   What you do not know about the gasoline?
During last summer time back to China, I found out gasoline on the market has different labels such as #90, #93, #95, #97 etc. Most people are using #93 and #97, but the government tries to encourage divers using #92 and #95. What does these number represent? Which number is the best choice for divers? And why does government encourage public purchasing specific numbered gasoline?

image

According to “Urban Transport And the Environment” article, the number has no relationship with petrol purity, but it refers to the amount of octane is in the petrol. The higher the octane rating is, the less likely explode will occur, because octane burns slower since it has longer-chained hydrocarbon and is more resistant to igniting prematurely. 

Various numbers of petrol are suitable for different types of vehicles, basically the lower compression ratio a vehicle has, the smaller number of petrol it should use. The choice among gasolines is still depends on specifications, if a high numbered petrol used in a low compression ratio vehicle , it could cause incomplete combustion which is harmful for the engine.

Nowadays governments are encouraging public to use #92 instead of #93. This phenomenon is due to sulfur content limit in #92 is reduced from 50 mg per kilogram to 10 mg per kilogram, which means #92 is more friendly to environment. When petrol changing from #93 to #92, even the amount of octane is reduced and the anti-explosion possibility decreased, it becomes better for environment.

As says from a Chinese website that there has no definition about which petrol is good. The best petrol is the one which vehicle could be most adapted.

Reference:
Picture about gas station
http://www.cp24.com/news/enviro-group-wants-warning-for-gas-pumps-1.1225836(assessed Oct 2nd 2016).
The difference between #92 gasoline and #93
http://www.autohome.com.cn/dealer/201405/12201588.html(assessed Oct 2nd 2016).
http://bbs.pcauto.com.cn/topic-5089619.html
Octane Rating
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating(assessed Oct 2nd 2016).
What does 92, 95 and 98 on petrol means?
https://onthegreenwagon.wordpress.com/2014/10/14/what-does-92-95-and-98-on-petrol-means/(assessed Oct 2nd 2016).

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