Author Archives: catherine

Raw Broccoli or Cooked Broccoli?

When I fork one raw broccoli from my salad box and with the crunchy sound and the dry taste, I start to think of why the broccoli is not cooked for few seconds before putting in the salad box. The cooked broccoli is softer and more delicious.

Broccoli – image from Wikimedia Commons

Broccoli, containing many nutrients such as fibre, protein, vitamins, etc, is a healthy vegetable. It is also low calories that good to people losing weight. Most of the time, people make the salad using raw broccoli rather than cooked, which one should we choose?

Some might think that eating raw broccoli makes us healthier. Fiona Kenny, R.D. indicated that cooking broccoli makes sulforaphane (helpful for human health) difficult to be absorbed in our body. In addition, He found out that those people having raw cruciferous vegetables in diets makes them have lower rates of cancer. Liu also suggested that cooking can destroy vitamin C containing in vegetables, due to its instability. Thus, to avoid low absorption of sulforaphane and destroying of vitamin C, they suggested eating raw broccoli.

Sulforaphane – image from Wikimedia Commons

However, in contrast, another research indicated that cooked broccoli can lower the risk of disease and cancer. The conclusion was proved by the value of bile acid whose binding in human body relative to cancer. The higher the binding, the lower the risk of cancer. This research showed that compared to the binding values of uncooked and cooked broccoli, steamed cooked of vegetable improve the binding capability. Therefore, cooked broccoli can decrease the risk of getting cancer.

Cholic acid

primary bile acid – image from Wikipedia

If you ask me which one I will choose, I will choose the cooked broccoli. When the water is boiling, broccoli is put in just a few seconds and taken out, finding tasty. Also, that boiling water might kill the bacteria on my broccoli. But, it is up to you, all have the good side.

You spend more time on social media when you feel more stressed

Have you ever notice that you don’t want to study when you feel stressed and spend time on the social media platform? Did you ever think of why this happens, and why the vicious circle shows up?

image from https://www.project-meditation.org/how-to-stop-being-stressed-out/

I was curious about this behavior and conducted a research in my first year because, at that time when I feel stressed, I always turned to social media and don’t want to study. I investigated 111 of my classmate and collected a data (graph 1) that showed the more stress they have, the more time they spend on social media platforms.

Graph 1. the number of participants vs. the stress level and the hours spending on social media platforms

credit to the author

The behavior happened may because they began to have an awareness of doing well in the university and tried to adapt the academic life between high school and university. When students feel more stress, spending time on social media is likely to be a way to escape from their study and those things to adapt. The vicious circle might show up when they spent less time on study and got a bad grade and start a new escape.

Eddy suggested that spending time on the social network could decrease students’ stress level. The students probably have the subconscious. If they are unaware of the stress which leads them to spend less time on study, their futures might be ruined.

In addition, students might have bad time management between spending on social media and academic study. They spend more time on the platform instead of study, resulting in an increase in stress level because they might start to worry about they can’t finish their assignment on time or other things relative to study. Indeed, Mustafa Bal conducted research to show that students started to spend a long time on social media without consciousness, wasting their valuable time.

A good way to solve this problem is trying to reduce the stress level so that the time spending on social media would decrease. Because the stress may indirectly affect their study. Students could talk to their friends, parents and even counselors.

It is my fourth year at the university, I get better time management skills and control the stress level better. And now, I don’t feel that stressed and don’t spend a lot of time on social media platforms.

–Catherine Wu

Contagious Yawning

Creatures’ brains relax and refresh after yawning, and they will better to continue work. However, have you ever notice that you start to yawn after the person next to you yawned even if you don’t feel tired? Or after you yawn, the person next to you start to yawn. Is yawning contagious? Do the sandmen fly to one person to let them yawn and then fly to another one? The answer is no, sandmen are not real.

A yawning cat — Credit to the Author

Instead, contagious yawning is natural, even animals have contagious yawning. One research team conducted an experiment which volunteers were asked to yawn after watching a yawning video. The research indicated that the brain’s primary motor cortex automatically triggers the relax. This reaction can cause creatures to yawn.

The other word to explain this behavior is empathy. Empathy can be defined as the ability to sense others’ emotion or feeling. One person can understand and feel another’s emotion when he/she yawns. Afterward, that person who sensed another’s emotion starts to imitate him/she to feel his/her feeling. Yawning has the same function, this is why when you observe a person yawn, you will start to yawn.

Contagious around different animals — image from baillement.com

However, contagious yawning does not always happen. A science writer Sam Kean indicated that human can pick up contagious yawning after the age of 4 to 5, whereas the small kids cannot have that behavior. Also, the chance of having someone yawn back might higher if you yawn in front of your family or relatives.

Another research shows contagious yawning might exist in brain substrates that related to self-recognition and mental state. These brain substrates control contagious yawning. In that research, the researchers observed subjects’ behavior while they watch videos about yawning and find out that most of the normal volunteers started to yawn involuntary. However, most of the schizophrenic volunteers did not. Therefore, schizophrenic patients who lack recognition ability and the mental state attribution to others show little or no contagious yawning.

Although some of the research can figure out the reason for contagious yawning, it remains an unexplained mystery. Contagious yawning may also relative to temperature and further research should be done to solve the problem.

–Catherine Wu