Author Archives: Eugene Hui

What’s the legal name? “Lab-Grown Meat” or “Lab-Grown Meat Alternative”?

Lab-grown meat is coming but will it be allowed to be called “meat”?

Lab-grown meat, or cultured meat, is grown from a sample of animal muscle cells and provides a source of meat that doesn’t require killing an animal. This brings up a big question for food regulators. What do we consider meat? Is it just anything that consists of animal muscle cells, or does it have to directly come from an animal that has been raised in the traditional method?

Cultured meat looks and tastes similar to conventional meat. (Carnivore Locavore / flickr)

Cultured meat tastes similar to conventional meat. Dr. Mark Post at Maastricht University, one of the scientists who worked on cultured meat, has tried cooking some of the meat that he grew and said that it “tastes reasonably good” even though it had no fat. It’s not surprising that Dr. Post found his cultured meat to taste good, after all, the product he ate consisted of pure muscle cells, which would be similar to eating any other type of very lean meat purchased at a grocery store. Dr. Post says that cultured meat could be safer and healthier than conventional meat.

The State of Missouri says anything labelled as “meat” must come from livestock like these cows. (Oli / flickr)

The State of Missouri disagrees that cultured meat is “meat” and has passed a law that forbids “misrepresenting a product as meat that is not derived from harvested production livestock or poultry.” The law targets both plant-based meat and cultured meat and aims to prevent shopper confusion. The divide is highlighted by the federal regulators behind the two types of meat. Cultured meat is regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, while conventional meat is regulated by the US Department of Agriculture.

I think that since cultured meat would provide the same nutritional value as conventional meat, it should be allowed to be labelled as meat.

Smoking Marijuana Impairs Driving for At Least Five Hours

Common advice for people who wish to drive after drinking alcohol is that you should wait one hour for every drink that you had.* For example, if you had 5 drinks, you should wait for 5 hours after your last drink, then you may be safe to drive. The tip is useful for anyone who wishes to drive home after going out to drink. For young adults who use cannabis, the tip might as well be “don’t even think about driving after having a smoke,” since a small dosage can affect your ability to drive 5 hours later.

A joint being smoked. (Chmee2 on Wikimedia Commons)

In a study published this month at CMAJ Open lead by Dr. Tatiana Ogourtsova at McGill University, it was found that participants’ ability to drive was negatively affected even five hours after inhaling the equivalent of one-fifth of a usual joint.

Participants were asked to take a 0.1 gram dose of cannabis. Five hours later, the participants were impaired on complex tasks and felt their driving ability and safety were lowered. However, the participants were able to complete simple tasks similarly to when they were sober. Impairment was found to be the worst three hours after taking the cannabis.

In the study, the 45 participants were aged 18-24 (the age range with the highest percentage of marijuana users in Canada) and identified as recreational cannabis users.

Usage of Marijuana by Canadians of Varying Age and Sex Groups in 2015 (Data from Statistics Canada)

The participants were tested on 4 different days over a 4-6-week period. On those days, they were tested 1, 3, or 5 hours after taking a standardized dose of 0.1 grams of cannabis, or they were tested after taking no cannabis. On days where the participants took the cannabis, they were also tested ten minutes after taking the cannabis.

Ten minutes after taking the drug, participants were asked questions about how they felt about their driving ability and safety as well as how they felt about the effect of the cannabis.

After the wait time of 1, 3, or 5 hours, the participants completed two driving-related tasks, with the two tasks being done in random order. One task was a driving simulation, and the other task asked the participant to identify an object as a car or a truck under three levels of distraction: no distraction, peripheral distraction, and on-screen distraction.

On the day when the participant took no cannabis, the tests were done immediately.

“The message is simple. If you consume, don’t drive. Find another way home or stay where you are,” said Jeff Walker, chief strategy officer for the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA), the organization that funded this study.

Personally, I was quite excited about the legalization of marijuana in Canada, even though I don’t use it. I had heard a lot about its benefits, and that it was harmless after you sobered up again. However, with this study, and questions that have been brought up about roadside testing, I think that it should not have been legalized so soon.

Additional Source: McGill University Newsroom

Footnote:
* The above advice of waiting one hour for each drink is only a guideline. the actual wait time can be higher or lower depending on the person.

Quitting Junk Food and Quitting Drugs Has Similar Withdrawal Symptoms

Cheddar Stuffed Burger (Photo: jeffreyw on Flickr)

If you try to cut junk food out of your diet, don’t think it will be easy. You can expect to suffer withdrawal symptoms like those experienced by addicts who attempt to quit drugs.

A study published in December 2018 lead by Erica Schulte, psychology doctoral candidate at the University of Michigan, found that participants who had quit eating junk food reported having similar symptoms at a similar timescale as drug withdrawal.

The addictive qualities of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs affect the brain, and cutting back causes negative side effects that make it difficult to quit these substances. Understanding whether highly processed food cause withdrawal was important in determining if eating highly processed food can cause similar addictive processes.

Schulte and her team created a tool where 231 adults reported the physical and psychological symptoms that they experienced after cutting down the amount of highly processed food that they ate.

The participants reported feelings of sadness, irritability, tiredness, and cravings peaking two to five days after they began cutting back on junk food. This parallels the course of drug withdrawal symptoms.

This study backs up a study published in 2008 by Dr. N.M. Avena that found rats can develop an addiction to sugar, which is often found in junk food. The rats in Dr. Avena’s study also developed symptoms of withdrawal.

A Selection of Chocolate Spreads in a Store (Photo: Eugene Hui)

Schulte’s study did not go into how the participants quit junk food, such as gradually phasing it out, or going “cold turkey” (cutting everything all at once.) She said that this could be investigated in a future study.

From this study, we can clearly see why there is an obesity epidemic – highly processed food tastes great, and once we start eating it, it’s hard to stop. Governments can make the nutritional value of junk food clearly visible to the consumer, but I have ignored this valuable information that should let make healthy choices. After all, I was just satisfying my craving for a delicious poutine – or more likely, it was the withdrawal.

Additional source: University of Michigan