Author Archives: sonia

Cannabis: The Good & The Bad

Pot, weed, marijuana, Mary Jane, grass – you know name it. Just like how cannabis takes on many names, people can’t seem to come to a solid conclusion on whether or not the drug is beneficial to human health. Since the legalization of cannabis in British Columbia just this year on October 17, marijuana smokers and non-smokers voice their opinions loud and clear.

Non-smokers are against using cannabis. The reason? Well, there have been many published studies exposing the negative effects of cannabis. To name a few, cognitive development may be affected, especially for young users. Additionally, not only do studies show that the probability of death from hypertension increases, but the probability of stroke and heart failure increases as well. 

On the other side however, marijuana smokers have come to their own defence as there are studies that also reveal the positive effects of cannabis. Research

reveals that mental stamina may be improved for HIV patients, drug addiction may be treated, and smoking marijuana can relieve chronic nerve pain as well

Marijuana use proves to be a popular controversial topic around the world. Multiple studies and extensive research finds both pros and cons for people who are against smoking weed, and for the people who are for it.

If you were to ask me, it really depends on the situation. For all I know, you could be someone who enjoys the recreational use of marijuana, but claim that it helps “relieve muscle pain” because the news article you read on Facebook said it would. Either way, as long as cannabis is legal, most people like me don’t care if you need it for medical reasons or not. It’s a free world. Do your thing.

 

  • Sonia Sharma

Meet My Two Biological Moms!

It’s 2018. Same-sex relationships aren’t anything out of the blue. However, if I bring up same-sex mating, then that’s crazy, right? Well, researchers have found a way to make this possible – in mice. Humans will just have to wait, but wouldn’t it be cool if other mammals that only had one sex remaining in their population could reproduce and save their species from going extinct? I’d say that would be pretty cool. 

“Mouse” by Liz Henwood. Image from Flickr.

On October 11, 2018, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences led by scientist Qi Zhou published their groundbreaking work in Cell Stem Cell  showing how they bred healthy mice from two mothers. The baby mice developed normally to adulthood and even had offspring of their own.

I know what you’re thinking, if two female mice could do it, what about the males? Unfortunately, it didn’t work out the same. Baby mice developed from two biological fathers only survived for about 48 hours.

Normally, mammals can only sexually reproduce, so an egg from a mother and a sperm from a father is required. How is it even possible that two mothers were able to make healthy babies then? The answer: Genetic engineering.

“Baby Mice” by Hannah Nicklin. Image from Flickr.

The work required an egg from one female mouse and a special cell from the other female that carries half of the genetic information to make the baby, called the haploid embryonic stem cell. Simply fusing the egg and cell together didn’t cut it, so the scientists cut out several genes from the DNA of the haploid stem cell to make the necessary alterations for successful reproduction, and then fused it with the egg. Through trial-and-error gene-cutting, 210 embryos were developed, but only 29 mice lived.

Figure 1. Percentages of Mice Embryo that Survived being Produced from Two Mothers. Total Number of Embryos = 210. Image created by Sonia Sharma, the author.

As shown above in Figure 1, the numbers clearly indicate that this specific genetic engineering technique needs some work as embryo death rates are well above 80%. However, the work did succeed with impressive results seen in the surviving mice.

If similar techniques could be used to successfully have same-sex mammals reproduce in a population left with only one of the sexes, I’d be happy with that. It would be one step closer to preventing another sad extinction.

 

  • Sonia Sharma

Antioxidants for Post-Workout Recovery: Do They Actually Work?

If you’re anything like me, you genuinely enjoy exercise but loathe the aftermath, and by aftermath, I mean soreness. Luckily, there are post-workout supplements to the rescue, right? Wrong. There is research on how antioxidant supplements that claim speedy muscle recovery and pain relief aren’t really beneficial for athletes, at all. As your average gym-enthusiast, this was a surprise to me as well. I paid good money for my antioxidant supplements, so why aren’t they working? Let’s break it down.

Intense exercise can induce oxidative stress, a condition that over-produces reactive and damaging chemicals in the body while the defensive line of natural antioxidants decrease. Additionally, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) kicks in due to the inflammation of overworked muscles. So, it only makes sense that you would need to simply replenish your antioxidant levels, right?

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (aka DOMS)” by Zouhir Kharmaz. Image from Flickr.

 

Well, an interesting study published in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) in 2017 offered insight on how athletes intaking more antioxidants than the daily required amount isn’t necessarily beneficial for speedy recovery or pain relief after strenuous exercise.

Experimental evidence revealed that only a select few athletes felt a slight reduction of muscle soreness upon higher doses of antioxidants. Because of such small numbers, this result unlikely equates to a meaningful difference.

The team compiled 50 similar experiments where athletes exposed to varying types of exercises resulting in muscle soreness were given either a placebo pill

“Antioxidant Supplements” by Mambo. Image from Flickr.

with no antioxidants, or an antioxidant supplement that contained a dosage higher than the daily recommended amount. Muscle soreness levels after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, recovery and adverse effects were accessed.

Many scientists remain skeptical on the advantages as there are also reports discussing similar disappointing experimental results that leave room for uncertainty.  

So, does this mean that antioxidant supplements are useless? In this context, perhaps. The daily recommended amount of antioxidants is obtainable through a healthy, balanced diet, which will aid in post-workout recovery the same way as supplements intend to do, and for only a fraction of the cost. Personally, if my expensive post-workout supplements aren’t working miracles on my muscle soreness, I believe it’s time to switch to the healthy, cheaper alternative.

It’s easy to be swayed by cool labels, isn’t it?

Antioxidants” by Epickidstoys Smith. Image from Flickr.

 

  • Sonia Sharma