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Is Daylight Saving time change a good idea?

Sleep deprivation. Picture courtesy of Yoni Freedhoff

We have all just experienced the agonizing pain of waking up 1 hour early on a monday morning. According to a recent study, daylight saving time change might not necessarily be beneficial to your health.

It has been found the “Monday and Tuesday after moving the clocks ahead  one hour in March is associated with a 10 percent increase in the risk of having a heart-attack,” says UAB Associate Professior Martin Young, Ph.D., in the Division of Cardiovascular Disease. Furthermore, the risk is decreased in October by 10 percent.

Need more sleep? Courtesy of Omnigraphics Inc.

 

This study also indicated heart-attack tends to peak on Monday when most people get up earlier to go to work. Why this is happening is not exactly known however, Yougn proposes “Sleep deperivation, the body’s circadian clock and immune responses all can come into play when considering reasons that changing the time by an hour can be detrimental to someone’s health.”

How does these three factors affect the risk of  heart-attack?

Sleep deprivation has been a well studied topic, it has been found “individuals who are sleep-deprived weigh more and are at an increased risk of developing diabetes or heart disease,” furthermore sleep depriviation alter infalmmatory response, which can contribute to a heart attack.

According to Young, “every cell in the body has its own clock that allows it to anticipate when someting is going to happen and prepare for it,” but when cell clocks are anticipating another hour to sleep that they won’t get, the negative impact of the stress worses”

Lastly, in the case of immune function, because “immune cells have a clock, and the immune response depends on the time of day, and acute time change can be detrimental to the immunte system response”

This study may sound scary, however our body’s clock eventually synchs with the environment.

But do not worry!

Professor Young have a few tips for this problem!

-waking up 30 minutes earlier on Saturaday and Sunday to prepare for the early start on monday

-do more exercise

References

References

  1. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder.  http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder.htm (accessed 03/12, 2012).
  2. Circadian rhythm. http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/circadian_rhythm.htm  (accessed 03/12, 2012).
  3. Jet lag. http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/j/jet_lag.htm (accessed 03/12, 2012).
  4. Sleep deprivation. http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/j/jet_lag.htm (accessed 03/12, 2012).

Who is Our Ancestor?

This is Our Ancestor. Image by Prave.

Scientist belive they have found our oldest ancestor, the creature, Otavia antiqua, was found in 760-million-year-old rock in Nambia. This multicellular being spawned every living organism in this world through billions of mutation, from fish to amphibians to reptiles to birds to animals to you.

 
Otavia was a very small sponge “about the size of a grain” according to Anthony Prave, a geologist at the University of St. Andrews in the U.K. According to Prave, “certain samples would “yie thousands of specimens. Thus, it is possible that the organisms were very abundant.”
 
Based on where the fossils were discovered, Prave and his colleagues claims that it used to live in calm, nice, shallow waters, munching on algae and bacteria through pores and into its small tube body.
A scanning electron microscope view of Otavia antiqua.
A scanning electron microscope view of Otavia antiqua. Image by Prave.

 Our Ancestor is also very reslient. According to the South African Journal of Science, it survived atleast two “snowball Earth”  events, when the entire planet was almsot entirely covered with ice.

Despite the wild enviornmental swings, this creature remained almost unchanged, resisiting along with algae and bacteria for “roughly 200 million years of existence.” Prave suggested.

Paleontologist Dr. Bob Brain – who is an expert in predation- belives that Otavia was the Earth’s first predator. During the early days, it was at the top of the food chain, consuming its food while it had no means to hunt. According to Brain, this was the first evolutionary arms race, which “led to humans dominating the planet.”

References

  1. Oldest Animal – Earliest Ancestor of Us All? http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/120207-oldest-animals-sponges-earliest-science-evolution/ (accessed 02/12, 2012).
  2. Sponge-like creaure may be oldest animal ever found. http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/sponge-like-creature-may-be-oldest-animal-ever-found-1.1227656  (accessed 02/12, 2012).
  3. The oldest animal fossils. http://www.sajs.co.za/index.php/SAJS/article/view/1064/1048 (accessed 02/12, 2012).
 

Human’s natural defence!

It have been unknown to many why our eyes, the most fragile system of our body are so resistant to bacterial infection. Tears are shed daily in our everyday life but beside lubricating our eyes, it has a eve more important function.

Bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered in human tears a germ-fighting enzyme which he named lysozome in 1922. He collected his own tears, then demonstrated its extraordinary power to exterminate bacteria infront of contemporaries at Britain’s Royal Society.

tears contain an enzyme that gobbles up bateria

How is this possible? According to Philip Collins, a physics professor at University of California, Irvine, each molecule is essentially a set of rapacious jaws that latches onto microbial invaders, starts chomping and does not let go.

This motion allows enzyme to open huge holes in the bacteria, which cause the bacteria to explode.

Each tear you shed contains an armada of these enzymes, ready to gobble up germs before they infect the sensitive tissue around your eye. However to study these enzymes, the researchers must keep one of the molecules still. To do this they  relied on a tiny technology: carbon nanotubes.

A lysozyme molecule was tethered by an amino acid to a nanotube. Then passed an electric current along the tube, turning the molecules into little transistor. When lysozyme sprang into action each bite of its jaws produce an electrical activity.

This signal was like “a microphone that allows us to listen in on the enzyme’s activity,” according to Collins.

This newly found technique was also used to study many other molecules. For further understanding on the processes used :

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