Author Archives: deborahlo

Crave-Or-Treat: The mystery of chocolate cravings revealed

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With Halloween creeping closer and closer, all supermarkets and grocery stores have an abundant supply of chocolate and candy on sale.  Seeing all this chocolate around us is bound to result in cravings for the sweet treat, but is there more than what meets the eye?  Usually, a food craving is the body telling us something; there is a physical reason for why we crave certain foods. So what is our body trying to tell us when we are craving chocolate?

One thing that the body might be telling us is that out blood sugar level is low.  Chocolate has a low glycemic index, meaning that, unlike other candies, chocolate will not result in a spike of sugar level, and therefore will not cause a sudden sugar crash.  Since it stabilizes our blood sugar level at a gradual rate, it is more likely that we crave chocolate over other sweets.

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Chocolate is most often craved when is feeling stressed or upset and this can be traced in the chemical phenylethylamine.  For the same reason that chocolate is known to be an aphrodisiac, chocolate releases endorphins, a chemical which naturally lifts a person’s mood and often have calming effects when the body is stressed.  Studies have also shown that chocolate increases the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that, similar to endorphins, promote feelings of well-being. As a result of these two substances, a chocolate craving may be telling us that we need an increase of substances that improve our mood.

Another reason that could contribute to why chocolate is so highly craved is the fact that it contains traces of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).  This substance is also found in marijuana and it reacts with cells in the brain that release dopamine, one of the neurotransmitters responsible for the release of endorphins.  This is the chemical responsible for the temporary feeling of “high” in marijuana.  Although chocolate only contains a small fraction, the addicting component can be a reason for the craving.

Finally, research has shown that women crave chocolate more often than men, especially before menstruation.  This phenomenon can be explained with the release of magnesium in chocolate consumption.   Prior to menstruation, women experience magnesium deficiency; therefore, the fact that chocolate releases the chemicals described above as well as magnesium is a reason why women tend to have a higher craving for chocolate.

So this Halloween, when you are craving the sweet taste of chocolate, don’t be frightened and treat yourself because it is simply your body’s way of telling you that you are lacking something beneficial that chocolate can restore!

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Blog post by: Deborah Lo

Don’t Let the Turkey “Gobble” Up Your Energy!

Happy Thanksgiving Everyone!

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This weekend is a for family gatherings, giving thanks, and of course, enormous meals.  The tradition is the same every year; everyone is having a great time talking and eating, but somewhere between giving thanks and getting a second helping of pumpkin pie, it suddenly hits- the food coma.  This is not an uncommon event, but if food is supposed to give energy, why do we feel more tired after eating?

In medical terms, food coma is known as postprandial somnolence and it is a phenomenon where people feel a lack of mental energy after a large meal.   This is caused by several factors. For starters, holiday meals are usually filled with high-calorie and high-fat content foods.  As the helpings pile up, so does our blood flow to the digestive system to help with dilation and expansion of our intestines.  As a result, less blood is being sent to the rest of the body’s system, making the rest of the system feel a slowdown.

At the same time that blood is flowing to the digestive system, the small intestine is signalling activity in the parasympathetic nervous system, which tells the body to slow down and digest.  Thus, the more food we eat, the harder the small intestine is working, resulting in a large concentration of the body’s activities around the digestive region.

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Finally, the food itself can make us sleepy as well. The main culprit is sugar because as sugar breaks down into glucose, our body secretes the hormone insulin.  Insulin helps maintain and counter the increase of glucose level by mopping up the excess glucose in the blood.  As the level of insulin increases, it also produces serotonin and melatonin- two chemicals that can leave us feel drowsy and sleepy.

With this much activity going on in our bodies, no wonder we feel like taking a nap after our turkey dinner! Just make sure you complete all of your assignments and finish all of your studying before the big feast, because once that coma hits, you won’t be hitting the books for at least another hour!

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Post published by: Deborah Lo

 

References:

Greatist: “What Am I Tired After Eating a Big Meal?” – http://greatist.com/health/why-am-i-tired-after-eating-a-big-meal/ (accessed October 6, 2012)

Indiana Public Media: “The Science of the Siesta” – http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/the-science-of-the-siesta-2/  (accessed October 6, 2012)

Scientific American: “Why do I get a slump in mental energy after eating a meal?” –  http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-do-i-get-a-slump-in-mental-energy (accessed October 6, 2012)

 

 

 

Hearing Loss is No Clowning Matter

 

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Everyone’s favourite clownfish is back, but this time, he’s in 3D!  With the beloved movie Finding Nemo returning to theatres this weekend, I thought it would be fun to do a little research on our friend, Nemo.

Everyone who has watched the movie knows that Dory is a forgetful fish, but few people know that Nemo, the clownfish, can potentially be a deaf fish. Recent studies have shown that clownfish are quickly losing their hearing due to ocean acidification caused by fuel emission. In fact, over half the CO2 emission is absorbed by the ocean, thus lowering its pH.  In this experiment, scientists performed a series of tests by increasing the amount of CO2 to what is predicted to be present in years 2050 and 2100, and then recorded the clown fish’s response to various predator-rich coral reef sounds.

Graph of CO2 consumption and pH levels of oceans as a function of time http://centerforoceansolutions.org/climate/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Acid_pH_graph.jpg

Lead researcher Dr Steve Simpson from the University of Bristol explains: ‘We kept some of the baby clownfish in today’s conditions, bubbling in air, and then had three other treatments where we added extra CO2 based on the predictions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for 2050 and 2100. We designed a totally new kind of experimental choice chamber that allowed us to play reef noise through an underwater speaker to fish in the lab, and watch how they responded. Fish reared in today’s conditions swam away from the predator noise, but those reared in the CO2 conditions of 2050 and 2100 showed no response.’

For baby clownfish such as Nemo, their ability to hear is one of their most important assets in ocean survival; with this component slowly being stripped from them, they are becoming increasingly vulnerable to predators. Not only is hearing a sense of protection, clownfish and other coral reef species also rely on their hearing to return home. To make matters worse, ocean acidification does not only affect external matters, it can damage the inside of the fish as well.

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The future of these clownfish’s hearing may be bleak , but scientists have yet to find out if they will adapt to the change in water pH. At the moment, this research is done one way; therefore there is a chance that clownfish can evolve and maintain their hearing.

Blog post submitted by:  Deborah Lo

References:

Daily Mail: “Finding deaf Nemos: Clownfish are growing up with impaired hearing ’caused by fossil fuel emissions.'” –  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1393045/Finding-deaf-Nemos-Clownfish-growing-impaired-hearing-caused-fossil-fuel-emissions.html (accessed September 13, 2012)

University of Bristol: “Ocean acidification makes clownfish hard of hearing.” – http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=EN_NEWS&ACTION=D&RCN=33485  (accessed September 14, 2012)