Tag Archives: brain

Fish Oil: Possible Solution for Brain Recovery

Brain is like central command post that controls and commands our body. Without the command post (brain) every part of the body will be nonfunctional. For example, severe brain injury like, traumatic brain injury, is lethal and barely recoverable. However, there seems to be a solution for treating traumatic brain injury. The solution is Omega-3 fish oil.

Image from: http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/19/health/fish-oil-brain-injuries/index.html?iref=allsearch
Courtesy: Ghassemi Family

In March 2010, Bobby Ghassemi 17-year-old student got sever traumatic brain injury due to a car accident. He was diagnosed with Glasgow Coma Score of 3, meaning dead (a brick of wood is diagnosed with Glasgow Coma Score of 3). Bobby had so much bleeding within the brain that pressure has to be released by taking portion of his skull. Doctors believed that full brain recovery was unlikely or rather impossible. But Bobby’s father, Peter Ghassemi, was looking for a way out and found out that fish oil could help his son.

Fish Oil and Traumatic Brain Injury (video)

Michael Lewis, Army colonel and a doctor, suggested to Ghassemi that fish oil could help recovering damaged brains. Lewis claimed that 30% of the brain is composed of Omega-3 and by saturating the brain with Omega-3 could help to reconstruct the brain.  Problem with this theory is that there was no research that support it is a good treatment except the case of Randal McCloy. McCloy was only survivor of mine disaster in West Virginia in 2006. McCloy’s brain was severely damaged due to high intake of carbon monoxide and methane. McCloy’s neurosurgeon, Dr. Julian Bailes, injected large doses of Omega-3 into McCloy resulting almost full recovery of the brain.

Image from: http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/11/health/health-fish-oil/index.html?iref=allsearch
Courtesy: Getty Images

So what does Omega-3 does to the brain? Hee-Young Kim et al. claims that Omega-3 fats helps to accumulate fatty acids around the neurons to prevent cell death and further help to reconnect damaged neurons. In addition, based on the animal testing, the fish oil can help to reduce neural inflammation from concussions. Animals that received fish oils after concussion showed 98% recovery.

Drawback from this treatment is that there are little human testing done so far and recovery of Ghassemi and McCloy is just only two cases to prove or to say Omega-3 is effective in treating patients with traumatic brain injury. However, there are no  clear treatments or drugs that can cure traumatic brain injury like Omega-3 did. Therefore, Omega-3 might be the best solution for treating the patients with brain injury at the moment. Further research on Omega-3 effectiveness on brain injury could explain why miracle recovery of both Ghassemi and McCloy has happened.

By: Young Ryu

Vampire Bats Inspiring New Treatments

Close up shot of a Vampire Bat
Source

As Halloween happened just last week, I wanted to write about one last spooky creature, vampire bats! While some vampire bats can cause disturbance to humans by attacking their livestock, researchers have discovered that vampire bats may actually be able to provide something useful in return.

Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association published an article written by Liberatore et al.. The article discusses an enzyme found in the vampire bat’s saliva which can help stroke patients. According to research, when a vampire bat feeds, their saliva contains an enzyme called desmoteplase and other anticoagulants that stops blood from clotting. This allows the blood to flow continuously so the bat can feed easily and quickly.

How can this help us?

What happens during an Isochemic Stroke
Source

When a person experiences a stroke, it is because blood flow to a part of the brain is stopped. If the brain does not receive any blood, it cannot get any oxygen which will then lead to brain cell damage. The specific type of strokes that researchers are hoping to utilize desmoteplase for are known as ischemic strokes. Desmoteplase  can be used to dissolve the blood clot at the blocked artery allowing blood flow to resume.

Currently, the approved FDA-approved drug for treating blood clots contains tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).  However, tPA can cause injury to the brain by damaging or killing nerve cells or by restricting blood flow. After countless experiments by Liberatore and Reddrop, results show that desmoteplase does not promote these injuries.

Which developmental stage is desmoteplase in?

Desmoteplase is being tested as two trials, DIAS-3 and DIAS-4 in phase III. They are determining if desmoteplase is a safe treatment for patients with acute ischaemic strokes by issuing the drug within 3-9 hours after experiencing stroke symptoms.  So far, 400 participants per trial are being tested with doses of 90 μg/kg. Final collection results are expected to be taken in December 2012 for DIAS-3 and December 2013 for DIAS-4.  More information can be read upon in these two links:

Hopefully, the results from these two trials will advance the field of stroke treatment and verify desmoteplase as safe for usage in the near future. Lastly, this is a video that briefly talks about the process of modifying desmoteplase to the updated version of the drug.

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Note: The last portion of the clip talks about having the results by 2011, however this has been changed as seen by the data from the two links above.

Post by: Tiffany Ho

A bitter pill? Illegal narcotics to treat PTSD.

While it is known as a popular (but illegal) club drug, MDMA – which also goes by the street name, Ecstasy – is being clinically studied for use in the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

PTSD is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after experiencing a psychologically traumatic event such as war, rape, childhood abuse, or a serious accident. Treatment of this condition can take a number of years, yet at least one-third of PTSD sufferers will never fully recover.

MDMA has the ability to stimulate a sense of happiness, promote closeness to others, and reduce anxiety. Researchers concerned with the underlying psychology of PTSD are discovering that MDMA, when taken by individuals who have the condition, demonstrate therapeutic benefits. MDMA appears to assist with the process of coming to terms with personal experiences, and controlling intrusive and traumatic memories.

Professor David Nutt, a psychiatrist and former drug advisor for the UK government, is a leading researcher on the therapeutic effects of MDMA. His view is that while MDMA has been made illegal in order to prevent youth from drug abuse, its therapeutic value has been overlooked. It must be added, however, that this is the same David Nutt who was asked to resign after he claimed that ecstasy and LSD were less dangerous than alcohol.

In a recent interview with BBC Radio 4, Professor Nutt discusses why the drug is being studied in clinical research and how it could be useful for treating the condition of PTSD. Click here to listen to a short segment of this interview.

Professor Nutt recently undertook a research study to test the benefits of MDMA for individuals experiencing PTSD, of which the results were promising. In this study, 12 treatment group subjects were given MDMA pills, while 8 control group subjects were given placebo pills. Both treatments were taken alongside therapy sessions. Results showed that ten subjects in the treatment group showed an improvement after two therapy sessions.

Even here in Vancouver, Psychologist Andrew Feldmar, Ph.D., is about to begin a similar study alongside Health Canada. Check out the video below where he talks about the importance of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy research for PTSD.

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All in all, the use of illegal drugs as medicine is not a new occurrence. For example, medical marijuana has long been recommended as a treatment for pain, and is increasingly used in mainstream medicine. Ingredients from magic mushrooms have demonstrated calming effects on patients entering a late stage of cancer. There are other examples of the use of illegal drugs to address medical conditions. Will MDMA follow the same path?

 

 
Blog post submitted by Jackie Romeyn.