Tag Archives: energy

Energy Drinks Contain More Caffeine Than Advertised

I’m pretty sure we all know what energy drinks are, and most of us probably drink it for that energy boost to stay awake at night to study for a midterm, final or to write a paper that was left till last minute to do. Everyone needs to be careful about how much caffeine they are consuming, but this is hard to do when the amount of caffeine aren’t even shown correctly on energy drinks. The reason why some companies don’t list caffeine levels is because there is no requirement to do so.

Researchers at Consumer Reports bought 27 top-selling energy drinks and shots and measured the amount of caffeine in each of them. They found that caffeine levels per serving ranged from about 6 mg to 242 mg per serving, some containing more than one serving. 5-hour Energy Extra Strength contained the highest amount, whereas 5-hour Energy decaf contained the lowest amount. They measured that Arizona Energy, Clif Shot Turbo Energy Gel, Nestle Jamba, Sambazon Organiz Amazon Energy and Venom Energy had about 20% more caffeine in it than advertised. Whereas Archer Farms Energy Drink Juice Infused was 70% below the amount of caffeine advertised. For most drinks though, numbers were within 20% of what was listed.

According to an article on Live Science, doses between 200 to 300 mg of caffeine aren’t harmful for adults, but exceeding 500 mg can lead to fast heartbeat, insomnia, and muscle tremors. Pregnant women should consume less than 200 mg daily, and children should not even drink energy drinks, and keep their caffeine consumption to about 100 mg daily. But the amount of caffeine a person can consume before it becomes harmful varies widely.

Even though it is quite scary to think of the outcome of drinking too many cans of energy drinks, it doesn’t mean you should stop drinking them completely. There are still benefits of drinking energy drinks, such as alleviating fatigue and increasing mental alertness which can improve a person’s concentration and focus. But just remember that energy drinks actually contain 20% more caffeine in it than shown on the can, so drink wisely!

Post Submitted By Mandy Choi

Power Up Our World Using Wastewater

Scientists have been trying to replace energy sources such as coal, natural gas and fossil fuel as they are not only limited but also harmful to the environment. Despite of the fact that we have a lot of renewable energy sources from sunlight, wind, and tides, however they are all uncontrollable to a certain extent. Therefore it is important that we can think of some economical and efficient replacement. Fortunately, scientists have come up with the idea of generating electricity from wastewater using microbes.

This idea has been around for decades but not until recently a team of engineers led by Dr. Liu at Oregon State University has had a major breakthrough which made the production of energy high enough to be used on a commercial scale. Their microbial fuel cell can generate 10 to 50 times more energy per volume than other similar fuel cells as they made some improvements by reducing anodecathode spacing, utilizing evolved microbes and adopting better separator materials.

Microbes on the anode (shown in green) break down the organic material in wastewater, producing carbon dioxide, protons and electrons.

A schematic view of double microbial fuel cell.
Energy Environ. Sci.,2012

”The fuel cell resembles a book,” Dr Liu said. This cell basically consists of two electrodes, one is a platinum-coated cathode and the other is microbe-covered anode. At the anode, bacteria break down organic material in the wastewater to produce CO2, protons and electrons. Then the electrons along with protons will flow through a wire to the cathode creating an electric current.  Also, the platinum coating cathode reacts with air to produce water. From the process we get water, CO2 and energy as our end products. In short, this process gets rid of some unwanted material in the wastewater and generates energy along the way.

Right now, Dr. Liu aims to make this wastewater treatment process self-sustainable. As technology advances, Dr. Liu expects treating wastewater to be an energy producer rather than an energy cost.

Besides limited energy and natural renewable energy sources, scientist have started a new era of generating energy from our own wastes.

 

The following video is provided by an Israel company called EMEFCY which describes the process of how they generate electricity from the waste water. The approach is similar to Dr. Liu’s microbial fuel cell.

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References

“Converting Waster Water into Electricity.”30 September 2012  <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYAlsOmJ-8M>.

Fan, Y., Han, S., & Liu, H. (2012). Improved performance of CEA microbial fuel cells with increased reactor size. Energy&Environmental Science, 5(8), 8273-8280.

Li, Sophia. “In Fuel Cells, Some Hope for Urban Sanitation.” The New York Times. 23 September 2012 <http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/16/in-fuel-cells-some-hope-for-urban-sanitation/?partner=rss&emc=rss>.