https://www.artsjournal.com/artfulmanager/main/the-four-parts-of-meeting-speech.php
Visited 13 November 2018
American University Professor Andrew Taylor summarizes Bill Torbert, Dalmar Fisher, and David Rooke’s four primary types of speech: framing, advocating, illustrating, and inquiring. This is a potentially useful categorization as it pertains to navigating conflict between Indigenous and non-Indigenous parties. Taylor writes, “If everyone in a meeting brought more intent and craft to the way they speak and the way they listen (don’t advocate a particular strategy in the form of a question, for example), and if every meeting began with a clear framing of what it was for and what assumptions it is built upon, the world would be vastly improved.”