Menchu part 1.

I love this story because of the vulnerabilities, and the complexities of tourism and identity. We talked a lot about this book in class, and the story of Rigoberta. A giuiles person who traveled from Guatemala. I like her story because she learned spanish to break the barriers she was facing, and once again it’s another story related to anthropology and the study of cultures, and so i think this was a great book to read for our class. Similar to falling sky, menchu’s life is told through anthropology. i think being able to overcome adversity, in such a position such as herself is inspiring. Seeing her family members murdered, and evicted, the list goes on. She really had lived an eventful life since she was young. It must have been a nightmare losing everyone, and feeling alone like that. that’s why i appreciate this story because we all can feel alone like this, and it’s easy to get lost in feeling unhappy, not being humble and grateful or wishing we had different, but stories like these.. Help you fully understand that life is short, and things are not easy, and that it’s important to be grateful. it said she picked coffee all day, and it was hot outside, she would work all day, and then walk for water, and lived in crowded conditions. the tales in this book are sometimes hard to read, and with stories like these you can be more humble.

LAST 303 final class reflection

What I liked about this class was the community, and the open discussions we would have every Wednesday. When professor made our class a once a week meeting rather than two, it became more intentional with our words. I enjoyed our books we read, and everyone’s thoughts said in class. At first I admit, I was a shy person, but I opened up and became more comfortable. I tried to look at this class as a book club. Just simply a book club where we meet once a week to discuss what we learned from the texts. It kind of inspires me to now join a real book club, or something. I think Beasley is an amazing educator, and I will definitely recommend this class to everyone. In my opinion, anyone can learn something about Indigenous latin American peoples, and Indigenous peoples of all backgrounds, nations, and cultures. While there was some heavy reading, I’m glad I learned something. I didn’t know a lot about Latin indigenous peoples until I took this course, and now I feel like I know so much more, but definitely not everything. It must be impossible to learn all about latin indigenous culture in only 3 months, but from what we discussed in class, it felt like we learned so much. I think my favorite text out of all of them that we read, is unveiling Mexico. Marcos. Something about this text really struck me, and I will definitely keep this book for keepsake. I do appreciate everyone’s participation in the course, and do encourage the students who didn’t attend to attend more seminars, because you can learn more when you attend in person. I myself don’t like crowds or get social anxiety but I’m glad I pushed myself to go to every class this semester, and I noticed people were posting on blogs but never showed up, and it would have been interesting to have heard your thoughts! However the people that did attend had great things to say! All in all this course is for everybody, and anyone in any major can take this course and learn something. If your planning on visiting any Latin south American countries, bring these books with you!! They will make perfect sense, especially if read in the geographic places they are set in. I plan on bringing Marcos to Mexico with me, next time I go, so I can read about Mexico in Mexico. Poma’s book was another favorite of mine, and I do wish to continue reading it as much as I can, but from what I did read, it was very comforting. I agree reading isn’t easy, but taking this course helped me with my reading skills, and I feel very educated from this class. Thank you so much professor and class for the wonderful discussions over the semester. Have a wonderful summer!

Jose Maria

Who are the Chaupi? An Indian town. Who are the mistis? In Puquio? Mine workers?? I wonder what wakawak’ra trumpets sound like. Who are the Pichk’achuris?? What do they mean when they say “on the high puna”?? what are the punarunas? Are they animals?? Soooo all this is allegedly happening in peru. Who are the werak’ochas?? Apparently leading citizens of Puquio. I’d like to meet someone who is Quechua. Yawar fiesta is very descriptive of the mountains and plains, So this is the lives of Spanish mountain people, soo interesting! They really lived adventurous lives, and ate good food. I am craving peruvian cuisine reading this.. or Mexican, or Salvadoran. Most latin American food is my preference, because of their rich flavors, and livestock, the meat they produce, and then eat… it’s making sense seeing the cattle, and the herding happening. They really loved their cattle. Everything is so realistic. The lives of Andeans.During the 1930’s, these people didn’t have much.. It’s obvious that they did cry.. when their cattle left. It was all they had.. so much that they would fight them, or taunt them as well, and bullfighting became a norm. These highlands seem treacherous and the terrain seems scary, what kind of snakes or creepy crawlies are hiding in these bushes? Was it hard for these people? Living there?? Arguedas, how did he survive all this? And his writing is interesting. It seemed like there was lots of alcohol use in these communities, and people getting drunk and fighting bulls?? During fiestas??? Well, as much as I love their food, I don’t agree with the alcoholism or the violence that ensued. Some language in this novel I do not agree with, the F word, or “filthy Indians” etc. However, I do acknowledge this is in the 1930’s, and upwards to the 1950’s, where this type of language was used regularly. If it’s “as if these towns were from another world” then what exactly was happening in these towns? Only bull fighting???? What else?Who are the Lucaninos???? I cant imagine these peoples lives, and how different it was back then, if you didn’t live in Lima, you most likely lived in rural areas, and there’s something sad about it, but I guess it was just their way of life, they didn’t know any different. It does say only “important” people went to Lima frequently, who were cattlemen, land owners, and mine workers. Who are the Sondondos, or the Chakrallas, or the Aukaras, I’d like to know, but it’s just a book, there’s so much to learn outside in the real world in Lima.

Poma part 6-9

As much as I enjoy this novel, it was long to read, and often jarring at times. It takes a lot of patience, and me, growing up in a catholic school.. I have that kind of patience. But not everyone might. I absolutely adore this book, and will keep it, for as long as I live. I feel so spiritually connected to this book, and religiously connected. I hope Poma is continued to be taught in schools, and I think it delivers an important message. Constant referral to God, his majesty or the holy catholic faith, it’s very comforting to someone like me. I literally grew up learning this at a very young age. I do hope I get to learn more about Don Antonio de Mendoza, a knight of Santiago, or Don Andres Marquis, King of Peru. As well as the many other names in this book. I really hope to understand the life of Poma, more clear, but for now I’m sure this book will serve me great purpose, but I just love some of the passages in this book, like “prologue to the reader of “his holiness, and his majesty”, that you might see all things that are done, in the service of God, the holy mother church, his holiness, and his majesty.” It is beautiful reading that. The purpose of Good. Page 165. His blessed mother, St. Mary, and all the saints and angels who are in glory. Reading this brings me to tears sometimes, and brings such comfort because I have fears of death, and pain, and just reading biblical oriented paragraphs is like going back in time for me. Reading about the quicksilver mines of Huancavelica where poor Indians are punished kind of reminds me of the mine workers in Jose Maria. There’s so much geographic knowledge in this text, places like Chocllo Cocha, Carabaya, where are these places?? It seems like Poma lived like ten lives, how does he have all this information, and I recall professor talking about how this book is during times where people were illiterate, or texts weren’t believed to be true, etc. So this book refers many times “to the Christian reader”… do good, contribute to the community, the king will thank you. I find certain rules in this book interesting, like six ravenous animals feared by the poor Indians in this kingdom, and then it explains each animal. But still other parts are a bit more complex, like page 231, “the blacks”, sooo he’s talking about colonial Spanish society, and black people??? “All blacks should be married”???? why does he say this??? I know during the 1500’s there was black people but why does he have these rules for them??? I still appreciate Poma’s book, regardless of it’s controversies, I do enjoy when he says “things you should consider deeply, in your heart, and spirit, Consider this Christian, God created heaven and the whole world, and all that exists there, even fish, animals, worms, butterflies, snails, ants, crickets, mosquitos, and everything that exists there. Likewise our father Adam, and mother Eve, they came to an end, punished by God, with the waters of the flood, Noah was left in the ark with six married sons. Page 289.

 

Poma de Ayala (first half)

Poma, a man of many words, who describes the ages of the world, in his book. Honestly Poma de AYala and his life is interesting since I have never read books or stories of Quechua. This is the type of book i am keeping forever. I am so thrilled this book exists, thank you so much for including it in this course. This book for me is home in a sense, growing up in a catholic school, learning the life of jesus christ. But also through the stories of Incas. You can easily refer back to this book in your spare time, and see how St. James the apostle defended christians, or Miracles of st. Mary. Since i grew up in a religious school, this book is worth reading, and is cherished, however i can imagine someone who didnt go to a catholic school, might not enjoy it as much, referring back to the year 1514, seventh year of Pope Julius II, or Emperor Maximilian, so i ask myself who were these people? Who was Don diego de Almagro? or the countless other names in this book, i am determined to learn this over time. I will keep this physical copy forever. This book is a wonderful keepsake. I am so glad it can now live on my bookshelf and whenever I need a comforting book I will choose this one. There is something soothing about this book, and when you feel peace reading something is when you know you chose the right one. Up to part 5 “the conquest of this kingdom”, brings Andean and Biblical history together, and I did not know until reading this book that peruvians or Andeans were christians? I know Catholicism and christianity exist in south american countries but i didnt specifically know which exact ones.

I think people can take away a lot from this book, and reading about superstitions and omens, and curses, and it’s a lot going on in this book, but it’s one of those books you read with a cup of coffee in the morning, or during a time that you need biblical advice, or a reference when your feeling down, it can easily pick you up, and make you feel better!

Kopenawa 299-423 final thoughts

 

After careful reading, I noticed a strong shift in the way I see this book, after seeing how Davi travelled to Sao Paolo. It’s very clear in this book that He’s implementing his knowledge of the  forest, and the skills he has. I like his journey, and his life story. I think its great that his stories were documented, and his travels with Albert. Davi’s very careful when choosing where he wants to go, saying on page 319, “other xapiri also accompanied me to defend  me, such as the caiman spirit, with his big machete, or the spirit of Xinarumari, the master of cotton, with his venomous tail, Without their protections, distant hostile shamans’ evil spirits could have weakened me, and made my head spin with dizziness, or even made the airplane carrying me fall down.” After reading about his trip to Europe, you can see humans were viewed differently and he visited, and how we think of our own culture is not how other cultures perceive “English speaking countries” are. Sometimes you just need a little reminder of where you come from by experiencing other people’s opinions of you. I think its accurate when Davi describes humans as possessing a great number of machines and factories yet still, it isn’t enough, describing humans as very violent, or killing each other for money, but the crime in south America is not good? Isnt it in Brasil where the crime rates are high? I don’t know why, as an indigenous person sometimes he really likes to other people and his ideas of other cultures are one sided. But nonetheless everyone has a right to their own outlooks. He can look back at his time traveling the world, and can say he is a well traveled

It’s a great read, and it’s a long book but worth reading for most people. Just because you might think this book is not for you does not mean you will not enjoy this book. You can think something but once you see for yourself, you might be surprised how much you enjoy it, I think if someone reads this as a keepsake, then they are doing they’re  small part to raise awareness of amazonian indigenous peoples.

Kopp: Fore-word 1-96 155-220

Falling Sky. Davi Kopenawa’s story, and Bruce Albert. Well I think this is a wonderful book to close out course with. It’s very Indigenous, and following a life story. These are also great keepsakes for your book collection at home. Save these types of books for a warm afternoon, on the back porch, reading about the amazon well into the evening. This is the kind of book I want on my bookshelf for when I get to sit in the backyard around the fire, with a cup of tea, watching the sun go down. I love reading about the amazon, and even though we cannot live there, or always travel there often, this is why I want this book for my book collection because it transplants you into the amazon, and reading the stories of the Indigenous peoples there, definitely makes you feel closer to the amazon. I am very interested in learning more of the Yanomami shaman. Y’know, my father himself had met an anthropologist once. So Bruce Albert, is replicating the type of work most anthropologists pursue to do. They go out into the world, and interview the Indigenous. They do the work we never could see ourselves doing, but perhaps we should never say never. Actually it’s quite funny, Albert mentions in setting the scene that he was fresh out of university of Paris, “effervescent in social sciences debates.” My degree program is in Humanities and Social Sciences, and this reading and this book connects me to my studies. Kopenawa means “wasp spirits”. There seems to be a voice in this text, one who says “white people”, a lot, and is referring to white people in general, which I do understand because in their culture, their skin colour is dark, and when “white” people arrived in their territory, they immediately recognized their skin colour. So I understand. It’s interesting in their culture, they truly believe in spirits, and ghosts, and on page 41 Davi (if I’m correct) said the “evil beings of the forest” were constantly after him. That sounds like a scary childhood.

Our world is a weapon page1-209

Unveiling Mexico, at first, I did not know how to imagine the terrain of Mexico, but after reading some of the stories, it describes the desert very well.  Finally some reliable information about Indigenous resistance! I am finally learning of the Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico, and the dignity, and the stories of the indigenous and all Mexicans. It says on page 41, of the descriptive narratives and the feelings they convey. There’s some sort of healing happening here, and a battle won, of some kind. The indigenous are coming together to celebrate their lives, and describing it as having “hope in our chests”, and “so in our heart there was no longer just pain and shame. “our hands searched for liberty and justice, and so we rose to walk again.” I quoted these sentences from page 41, because there’s a bit of strength here, some sadness, but hope for a better future. Oh I see now that this is apart of the Zapatista movement, and so forth, and so on. The book also from pages 56-57 can serve as directions to places, and do’s, and don’t’s in middle Mexico, which is extremely interesting if your traveling there, you can take this book with you, and it would be very real to read I’m sure. As it describes how to get to Quintana roo, Baja California, Sonora, Sinaloa, and Nayarit. It’s nice that I have memories of traveling to Sinaloa but I would never go back to the same place twice, as Mexico is rather large. I would definitely go to a different place every time, or at least try to. I would love to see Cabo, and explore Cancun. I’m sure every place in Mexico has something to offer, even if some places seem more barren than others. It’s true what the book is saying about the living conditions, and it gives very realistic images that are believable, but I’ve personally traveled to Mexico and so I know what these conditions look like, but It’s actually quite interesting to see it described in a book. Also mentioning the high rates of marginalization in societies and low wages. It is true when they say lower Mexico is more seemingly dangerous.

Our World is a Weapon (pg.213-416)

I actually enjoyed reading the pages 213-263, 289-320, 341-416. It actually has a deep past of Mexico, and the environment described in the readings brings me joy to read. I’ve always had been curious to learn more geography in Mexico, and the terrains of the desert, and I think this book does a great job describing the outlay, and the rugged plains these people are surviving on, when talking about escaping, and being dropped off, seemingly in the middle of nowhere, or doing what it takes to become a true guerrilla.

“I didn’t look toward the twisted scribble of the river, nor to the weak lights of the bonfires that dimly illuminated a distant hamlet, nor to the neighboring mountains that painted the ravine, sprinkled with small villages, fields, and pastures.” page 215. I like this quote, from the book and how it’s trying to help you picture where they currently are, as the reader trying to make sense of it all. I guess everyone’s idea and notions about Mexico is different, but personally i’ve always pictured long plains of desert terrain, and foothills, and cacti! I think the reading does a great job by explaining the terrain and i’ve been looking for this type of book to satisfy this curiosity i had about gangs, and the lifestyle that Mexicans choose, for example becoming guerrillas. He talks about the anguish he is experiencing, the desolation and the loneliness. I can imagine it can be lonely, and the mud you have to trek through, to accomplish your dedication, and something you have to essentially “prove” for yourself. I am honestly trying to understand Subcomandante Marcos and what’s the storyline.

I am formulating so far that they are trying to “open a crack in history”, and that there is lots of democracy involved, and the Mexicans are fighting for their rights, in whichever way they choose. Rodolfo Pena, and Miguel Hernandez seem to have been very talented writers in their country. It seems these chapters are tales of the gang members, or civilians of Mexico in some sort. They are telling their true stories of their times perhaps incarcerated, or becoming fugitives. During the Zapatista movement.

So far I’ve been learning more about the Indigenous Chiapas, and the Mountains of Southeastern Mexico. I will admit pages 213-263 are very interesting !! So far, pages 213-263 are stories of hope, coming from Mexican Indigenous voices. Their experiences were like trekking through swamps, and families going through hardships living among military, from what I am gathering. Learning the lives of the Guadalupanos, and trying to understand who exactly they are, because prior to this, I had never really learned of them before. So I’m convinced this course is helping me to understand the different ethnic groups in Mexico. Apparently this is all happening in the Mexican southeast mountains, as it says before the recounts of these stories. There’s little life lessons in these stories, There’s sweet little poems, and quotes, and as the readers try to understand these stories, those familiar ways of communicating make all the difference. “find the cost of freedom, buried in the ground, mother earth will swallow you, lay our body down.” Deep inside the cave of desire. To be honest, I am really trying to understand this novel, or this autobiography, I’m not sure yet what this entire book is about. But there is a beetle who is Durito, and a turtle called Pegasus, so I’m not sure if this is fiction or non-fiction, and the stories seem made up… or resemble children’s books. But there seems to be a re-occurring theme such as life in the Lacandon jungle. I’d like to know whose the characters are in this book, or the names, Camilo, Dona Juanita, etc. There’s a lot of people being talked about. The remainder of this book seems to be resembling of small children’s book stories, “the tale of the little wisp cloud, of the little newsboy” ,etc. etc.  however the reviews for this book are relevant, and well liked. They say this book shapes Mexico? Not sure how that is? But personally I haven’t read much books about Mexico. So personally in my opinion I think this book is for everybody of all national backgrounds, and anyone can relate in some way or another.

The Popol Vuh 120-239

I’m glad there are longer poems in the second half of Popol Vuh, and there is more distinction of the brother’s lives. There’s more describing and explaining when the poems are a bit longer, which gives the reader more clearer context when they might feel lost. Once the brothers decide to leave home, the book does amazing work at helping you visualize the colors of the desert, and the harsh terrain. The animals and the characters all coexist with each other and there’s more to the story while reading the remainder of the book. It kind of becomes comical the way the animals speak in the text, and the poems. There’s a sense of innocence from reading about the brother’s growing up story, and the innocence of children playing ball, and giving paying each other flowers as prizes.

I do like the remaining poems and construction of the final words of the book, they become much easier to read and follow along with. The poems become more descriptive, and appealing to the reader’s eye. It almost becomes full circle talking back to creation, and end and beginning, and suffering and re-living. There was a long journey, but we got there anyway, basically what i’m taking away from this novel is the importance of persistence and never giving up on your goals, if the characters didn’t keep moving forward, they’re life experiences away from home wouldn’t have been lived, kind of like moving away from home to go to college, we never know what will happen until we try!