This article by Shane Greene is a telling report on the climate of punk culture in the 1980’s till very recently.

Greene identifies and explores the nuances within the fringes of this genre and the people associated in this classification. Punk culture as it concerns Peruvian teenagers comparatively to western punks or Euro-punks in this piece is differentiated by social class and geographical access to various forms of music media. This is distinguished in his tellings of the access of vinyl vs. cassette tape. Saying that the advent of vinyl however superior in sound was something that people with disposable income could afford. While, more economically challenged punks in Peru were only able to access cassette tapes and recordings dubbed. The trend of cassette tapes and recordings of punk covers and originals became the norm in the global south and asserted a precedence for DIY-culture in the punk diaspora. This quote stuck out for me and emulated what this specific species of punk sought to bring to the genre. “not giving a fuck” followed closely by “not giving a fuck if you are punk or not.” In short, to be maximally punk one starts by disregarding others’ definitions, including others’ definitions of what punk is or can be. Thus we might consider that one of punk’s overarching discursive intentions—what one means to do by engaging in a punk means of underproduction—is to disregard: to refuse to respect, to repudiate rather than hold in esteem. Punk starts with refusal and then you find a way from there. ” His raw and off the cuff way of saying what punks distinguishes in Peru is the catalyst of the cassette tape, dubbed versions of popular punk songs and a veering away from cultural norms as it concerns the mainstream. Advocating for more homegrown creations opposed to the mass production of one school of thought at the expense of others (re: the punks. ) Being punk is actively promoting counter culture narratives and ways of doing things apart from what is expected or assumed.