Consequences of deprivation:

– the motivation to perform dust-bathing increased as the deprivation time increased  (Widowski and Duncan 2000, Vestergaard 1982, Colson et al. 2007, Scholz et al. 2010).

– the duration and frequency of dust-bathing increased and latency to dust-bathing decreased  (Widowski and Duncan 2000, Vestergaard 1982, Colson et al. 2007, Scholz et al. 2010).

– perform vacuum dust-bathing when they are kept in battery cages and on sloped wire floors where natural dust-bathing behavior cannot be performed (Widowski and Duncan 2000, Vestergaard 1982, Colson et al. 2007).