{"id":2850,"date":"2024-11-27T11:22:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T19:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/?p=2850"},"modified":"2025-02-21T18:04:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-22T02:04:15","slug":"not-free-inside-not-free-outside","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/2024\/11\/27\/not-free-inside-not-free-outside\/","title":{"rendered":"Colloquium #5: Not Free Inside, Not Free Outside: School Expulsion And The Problem Of Freedom"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">In this blog post: <\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Yotam Ronen recaps Addyson Frattura\u2019s <span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\"><a style=\"color: #3c7f72;\" href=\"https:\/\/edst.educ.ubc.ca\/events\/event\/doctoral-colloquium\/\">EDST doctoral colloquium<\/a><\/span> on the <strong>link between school expulsion and freedom<\/strong>. Frattura\u2019s work explores how expulsion <\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">disproportionately impacts marginalized students, <\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">and argues for a vision of freedom rooted in love and liberation, challenging punitive educational systems.<\/span><\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2856 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-1-e1732736324877-1024x128.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"645\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-1-e1732736324877-1024x128.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-1-e1732736324877-300x38.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-1-e1732736324877-768x96.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-1-e1732736324877-695x87.png 695w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-1-e1732736324877-480x60.png 480w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-1-e1732736324877.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;\"><em><span style=\"color: #333333;\">What happens to a student when they are expelled from school? What happens when they are expelled from a classroom? What does the experience of being expelled mean for a student\u2019s sense of freedom?<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">These are the vital questions that <span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\"><a style=\"color: #3c7f72;\" href=\"https:\/\/edst.educ.ubc.ca\/addyson-frattura\/\"><strong>Addyson Frattura<\/strong> <\/a><\/span>grapples with in her work. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Her project examines the relationship between expulsion and freedom and argues that school expulsion exposes the existential problem of freedom.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2870\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-3-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"134\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-3-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-3-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-3-695x695.png 695w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-3.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 134px) 100vw, 134px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Looking beyond expulsion as a punitive tool, Frattura differentiates between three forms of expulsion: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>expulsion within the school<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>expulsion outside the school<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>self-expulsion<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">While each has distinct characteristics, Frattura recognizes that each effects different students differently, as students with disabilities and racialized students are disproportionately expelled not only from schools, but from other places in society as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Freedom, too, is problematized. For Frattura, drawing on <span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\"><a style=\"color: #3c7f72;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tcpress.com\/maxine-greene#:~:text=Maxine%20Greene%20was%20a%20professor,(1938)%20at%20Barnard%20College.\">Maxine Greene<\/a><\/span>, the human experience is a constant search for self, where individuals confront nothingness and are destined to seek meaning. While often seen as a positive, absolute freedom can be overwhelming and create a sense of anguish, akin to that experienced during school expulsion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Here, the relationship between expulsion and freedom reveals itself as complex. While they may appear as opposites, they do not behave as such, nor do they carry equal risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2868 alignleft\" style=\"font-family: Georgia;\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-1-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"87\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-1-695x695.png 695w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 87px) 100vw, 87px\" \/>First, a student being expelled might be told they are free to choose another school, but the reality is they lack the freedom to return to the place from which they were expelled, and they also must still choose a school (and thus are still forced to be part of the same system that rejects them).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Second, expulsion and freedom do not carry equal risks. The risks of extreme expulsion are far more severe than those of extreme freedom, and <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif;\">both are experienced more severely by students with disabilities or racialized students.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\">Frattura examines this relationship and frames freedom as an \u201cexistential and abolitionary problem.\u201d As she writes:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\">\u201cThe relationship between the anguish of freedom and the anguish of expulsion makes freedom appear more distinct. The possiblity of freedom makes school expulsion more severe<strong>. Students are confronted with these limits of freedom and school expulsion<\/strong> <strong>which are found in the danger of either extreme; complete freedom and complete school expulsion.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2857 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-2-e1732737078701-1024x84.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"645\" height=\"53\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-2-e1732737078701-1024x84.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-2-e1732737078701-300x25.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-2-e1732737078701-768x63.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-2-e1732737078701-695x57.png 695w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-2-e1732737078701-480x39.png 480w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-2-e1732737078701.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\">Frattura explores these themes through philosophical and historical analysis and the careful use of metaphor. She analyses the experience of being free through the imagery of pollen, and argues that freedom in this sense is a negative form of being seemingly free. It is negative because it is <em>freedom from control<\/em>, but it is only seemingly freedom because the student is still required to attend the compulsory school system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\">Frattura also delves into the history of school expulsions in the United States, drawing on <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/dubois\/\"><span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\">W.E.B. Du Bois<\/span><\/a>\u2019 argument on the propaganda of history. She argues, through De Bois,<span style=\"font-family: Georgia;\"> that the U.S. falsifies its history to defend the white race, and that historical truth emerges only when truth is prioritized over this defense. <\/span>Frattura applies this argument to school expulsions, not to tell a historical narrative, but to illustrate how school expulsions expose the problem of freedom.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2858 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-3-e1732734023368-1024x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"645\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-3-e1732734023368-1024x169.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-3-e1732734023368-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-3-e1732734023368-768x127.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-3-e1732734023368-695x115.png 695w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-3-e1732734023368-480x79.png 480w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-3-e1732734023368.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2869 \" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-2-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"112\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-2-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-2-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-2-695x695.png 695w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Addyson-Frattura-square-2.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 112px) 100vw, 112px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\">Lastly, Frattura presents a promising discussion on positive freedom as a counter narrative to a libertarian sense of freedom (that often underlies discussions of education and expulsion). In her account of positive freedom, <span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\"><a style=\"color: #3c7f72;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.philofed.org\/_files\/ugd\/803b74_67fe40b3aab24d9bb36fd49737c1aad7.pdf?index=true\">freedom is\u2014<\/a><\/span>following James Baldwin and bell hooks\u2014<span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\"><a style=\"color: #3c7f72;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.philofed.org\/_files\/ugd\/803b74_67fe40b3aab24d9bb36fd49737c1aad7.pdf?index=true\">rooted in love and liberation.\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\">She emphasizes that abolishing punishment must align with an abolitionary ethic of love. To underscore this point, <span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\"><a style=\"color: #3c7f72;\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11217-022-09854-4\">Frattura analyzes Frankenstein by Mary Shelley,<\/a> <\/span>focusing on Justine\u2019s punishment and framing punishment itself as the monster in the story.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #3b7e71;\"><a style=\"color: #3b7e71;\" href=\"https:\/\/ubc.academia.edu\/AddysonFrattura\">Frattura\u2019s work<\/a> <\/span>offers a compelling critique of punitive systems, revealing how the anguish of expulsion and the complexities of freedom intersect. Her ideas about education rooted in love and liberation offer new questions and discussion about ideas of freedom, punishment, and expulsion in educational research.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5 style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">In October 2023, EDST began hosting a <span style=\"color: #3b7e71;\"><a style=\"color: #3b7e71;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/doctoral-colloquium\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doctoral Colloquium<\/a><\/span>. Once a month doctoral students and candidates present their research to EDST students, staff and faculty.<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u00a0The next EDST Colloquium is:<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/edst.educ.ubc.ca\/doctoral-colloquium-putting-the-camp-in-camp-the-encounters-of-an-educator-dragging-it-out-in-the-open\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2862 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Daniel-Gallardo-Colloquium-Banner.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"940\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Daniel-Gallardo-Colloquium-Banner.jpeg 940w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Daniel-Gallardo-Colloquium-Banner-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Daniel-Gallardo-Colloquium-Banner-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Daniel-Gallardo-Colloquium-Banner-695x391.jpeg 695w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/files\/2024\/11\/Daniel-Gallardo-Colloquium-Banner-267x150.jpeg 267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #3c7f72;\"><a style=\"color: #3c7f72;\" href=\"https:\/\/edst.educ.ubc.ca\/doctoral-colloquium-putting-the-camp-in-camp-the-encounters-of-an-educator-dragging-it-out-in-the-open\/\"><strong>Click here for additional information and to RSVP.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px;\">See the <span style=\"color: #38796f;\"><a style=\"color: #38796f;\" href=\"https:\/\/edst.educ.ubc.ca\/events\/event\/doctoral-colloquium\/\">full doctoral colloquium calendar.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"font-family: Georgia; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Check out our <span style=\"color: #3b7e71;\"><a style=\"color: #3b7e71;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/doctoral-colloquium\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doctoral Colloquium<\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"> page for more blog posts from this series.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yotam Ronen recaps Addyson Frattura\u2019s EDST doctoral colloquium on the link between school expulsion and freedom. Frattura\u2019s work explores how expulsion disproportionately impacts marginalized students, and argues for a vision of freedom rooted in love and liberation, challenging punitive educational systems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92925,"featured_media":3218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,63],"tags":[7,64,45,49,50,14,44],"class_list":["post-2850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","category-doctoral-colloquium","tag-blog-posts","tag-doctoral-colloquium","tag-edst","tag-faculty-posts","tag-student-posts","tag-students","tag-ubc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/92925"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2850"}],"version-history":[{"count":57,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3462,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2850\/revisions\/3462"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/edst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}