Canadian Literature Blog

I have been reading the book through the Amazon Kindle Reader, and unfortunately it does not provide me with specific page numbers. With this being said, one grouping of individuals that I wanted to further analyze and research were Henry Dawes, John Collier, and Hannah Duston. After spending some time doing a deep-dive on these characters, my research proved to be extremely interesting. 

As we have concluded from previous assignments, Thomas Kings Green Grass Running Water is a book chalk full of allusions and references to people, places, and things, all throughout history. As many people have mentioned in previous blog postings, some of the more apparent references are Dr. Joseph Hovaugh and his representation of Jehovah in the Christian Bible, and Ahdamn alluding to the Garden of Eden.

First and foremost, Henry Dawes. An attorney, politician, Republican United States Senator and United States Representative from Massachusetts. The most famous of his political enforcements, was that of the Dawes Act in 1887. As a result of the Dawes Act, Native American tribes were stripped of over 90 million acres of treaty land throughout the Act being employed by the government, 90’000 Natives were made “landless,”  and as Flick puts it, “much theft and trickery and deeding away of lands followed this enactment” (Flick, 144.)

The next character in question is Hannah Duston. In 1697 Hannah Duston and her daughter we’re captured by a band of Abenaki Warriors. In this raid, 27 people were killed, including her 3 year old daughter. After 6 weeks of being held captive, while the Abenaki were sleeping, Hannah and two of her fellow captives killed 12 Abenaki, and escaped with the scalps of their captures in hand. Although gruesome, scalping became of increasingly popular practise after colonial contact. Among Native Americans, scalping was at times “a symbol of warrior status,” while at others it was “offered as a ritual sacrifice” (Abbott, 2019.) In the case of Hannah Duston, the scalps were used to show proof of their escape. 

A third character in this grouping in GGRW, is John Collier. Mr. Collier was a man of many titles, including sociologist, writer, American social reformer, and “Native American Advocate.” He spent two years living with the Pueblo Tribe in Taos, New Mexico, and was appointed to “Commissioner of Indian Affairs” under president Roosevelt in 1933. Something he is accredited for, is the “Indian Reogranization Act of 1934.” He played an instrumental role in “ending the loss of reservation lands held by Indians, and in enabling many tribal nations to re-instute self-government and preserve their traditional culture,” and “he reversed the assimilationist policies of Dawes” (Flick, 144.)

Not having previous knowledge on these individuals, it proved to be very interesting to unpack their history, and digest how King integrated them into the story of Green Grass Running Water. King wisely depicts each character in a way that represents their respective relationship with and the part they played in the history of colonialism. King writes in a way that makes the story interactive almost. There are so many hidden allusions and references that extend beyond the surface of the page.

Works Cited

Flick, Jane. “Reading Notes for Thomas King’s Green Grass, Running Water.” Canadian Literature, vol. 161/162, 1999, https://canlit.ca/article/reading-notes-for-thomas-kings-green-grass-running-water/. Accessed March 26, 2021.

Abbott, Geoffrey. “Scalping”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Jun. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/scalping. Accessed 28 March 2021.

King, Thomas. Green Grass, Running Water. Toronto, Harper Collins, 1993. Kindle Cloud Reader.

Weiser-Alexander, K. (2019, December). Legends of america. Retrieved March 28, 2021, from https://www.legendsofamerica.com/hannah-dustins-revenge/

John Collier (SOCIOLOGIST). (2021, February 01). Retrieved March 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Collier_(sociologist)

Davis, L. (2009, November 22). John Collier (1884-1968) – find a Grave Memorial. Retrieved March 28, 2021, from https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/44674484/john-collier

Henry L. DAWES. (2020, November 27). Retrieved March 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes

In her article, “Green Grass, Running Water: Theorizing the World of the Novel,” Blanca Chester observes that “the conversation that King sets up between oral creation story, biblical story, literary story, and historical story resembles the dialogues that Robinson sets up in his storytelling performances (47). She writes:

Robinson’s literary influence on King was, as King himself says, “inspirational.” When one reads King’s earlier novel, Medicine River, and compares it with Green Grass, Running Water, Robinson’s impact is obvious. Changes in the style of the dialogue, including the way King’s narrator seems to address readers and characters directly (using the first person), in the way traditional characters and stories from Native cultures (particularly Coyote) are adapted, and especially in the way that each of the distinct narrative strands in the novel contains and interconnects with every other, reflect Robinson’s storied impact. (46)

For this blog assignment I would like you to make some comparisons between Harry Robson’s writing style in “Coyote Makes a Deal with the King Of England” and King’s style in Green Grass, Running Water. What similarities can you find between the two story-telling voices? Coyote and God are present in both texts, how do they compare in character and voice across the stories?

Edward Norton in Fight Club. A film with a very interesting take on the role of the narrator.

As the question suggests, there are clear similarities to be made between the two authors and their respective writing styles. Although having characters shared between the two readings, Chester recognizes that the impression that Robinson has on Thomas King is illuminated via the relationship between the different stories that are placed in the book. On top of this, the two authors employ different roles for the narrators in their stories, providing very interesting yet divergent qualities of two stories sharing a couple of the same characters. 

A main difference in “Coyote Makes a Deal With the King of England” by Robinson and the story by King, is the role in which both the narrator, and Coyote embody. For example, in the story by King, Coyote, although a critical member of cast, has a seemingly transparent element to him, residing in the background at points. Whereas in Robinson’s writing, Coyote is a very notable character, where the communication between the King and himself occupies a large part of the story. Now, when it comes to the narrators, there is a fundamental difference between the two. King provides the reader with a narrator, a hand-hold throughout the telling of the story. Robinson takes the adverse approach, his story lacks a narrator. He places us in the position of being our own narrator, a distinctive quality to favour in being a story made for oral story telling. The style of the stories share many similarities, but differ in what they ask of us in their reading. One employing us to take on the role of the narrator, and the other providing us with one. 

This got me thinking about the different types of narrator that can be present in stories. There isn’t a simple binary around the presence of a narrator versus a lack of a narrator; there can be a couple different kinds. Something that I hadn’t thought about is the notion of the “unreliable” narrator. Someone that isn’t “credible, or even intentionally deceptive” (Miller-Wilson.) Some argue, “choosing how you tell a story is almost as important as the story itself” (Kittelstad.)  In conclusion, the two stories exhibit a certain harmony in regards to both Coyote and God, but when it comes to the story-telling voices utilized there were some fundamental singularities. 

Works Cited

King, Thomas. Green Grass Running Water. Toronto: Harper Collins, 1993. Print.

Chester, Blanca. “Green Grass, Running Water: Theorizing the World of the Novel.” Canadian Literature 161-162. (1999).Web. April 04/2013.

Robinson, Harry. Living by Stories: a Journey of Landscape and Memory. Ed. Wendy Wickwire. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 2005. Print.

Miller-Wilson, K. (n.d.). 12 classic unreliable Narrator Examples. Retrieved from https://examples.yourdictionary.com/12-classic-unreliable-narrator-examples.html

Kittelstad, K. (n.d.). Examples of NARRATION: 3 main types in literature. Retrieved from https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-narration.html

It is now time for midterm evaluation. I have attached my personal three favourite blogs I have written thus far. I hope you enjoyed reading them. Although finding some of the blogs challenging, they all provide an opportunity to reflect on things and get some ideas out. Thank you!

Assignment 2:2 – There’s No Place Like Home

Assignment 2:3

Assignment 1:5 – Once you have told a story, you can never take it back.

Image of Susanna Moodie

Read Susanna Moodie’s introduction to the third edition of Roughing it in the Bush, 1854. I use the Project Gutenburg website which has a ‘command F’ function that allows you to search the entire document by words or phrases. Moodie’s introduction is often read as a warning to would be emigrants as well as an explanation of why her family emigrated from Britain. See if you can find echoes of the stories discussed above: a gift from god, a second Garden of Eden, an empty/wasted land, the noble but vanishing Indian, and the magical map. By echoes I mean reading between the lines or explicitly within Moodie’s introduction. Discussing what you discover, use your examples as evidence to write a blog that explores what you think might have been Moodie’s level of awareness of the stories she carried with her. And accordingly, the stories that she “resurrects’ by her appearance in the Dead Dog CafŽ in Green Grass Running Water.

Moodie begins with sharing a perspective on the push factor(s) of emigration. According to her, there is a principle rationale for this movement. The majority of cases is due to a “matter of necessity.” This of course being paired with a  “hope of bettering his condition, and of escaping from the vulgar sarcasms too often hurled at the less-wealthy by the purse-proud…” (“Introduction” Paragraph 1.) There are a couple references to the aforementioned “echoes” in her Introduction to Roughing it in the Bush. The most glaring to me being “an empty, wasted land” and “a second garden of eden” (Paterson, 2021.) These two characterizations of Canada prove to be quite interesting as they are clearly in literal juxtaposition of each other.

The Garden of Eden being of course an originally biblical, and probably now the most popular reference to the notion of “paradise.” This is how Canada was advertised to the masses, and was as Moodie puts it: “kept alive by pamphlets published by interested parties” all the while “they carefully concealed the toil and hardship to be endured to secure these hardships.” As a result of this, Moodie explains that “Canada became the great land-mark for the rich in hope and the poor in purse.” This description of the fertile ground on which the country was situated on, and its invigorating climate was a very romanticized narration. 

It is to my understanding that this passage is a first-hand account of the hardships endured by those chasing that Utupia-esque facade of what Canada was like. As mentioned in the question at hand, it served as a warning to would be emigrants, but also enables the reader to have the slightest view into the craziness of this time. This was quite a loaded introductory paragraph, but proved to be insightful and gave the reader a glimpse through a very interesting perspective. With this being said, there isn’t much room left for the Indigenous population. Moodie’s lack of recognition of these “other people” is a direct reference to another “echo,” this time of “the noble but vanishing Indian.” This passage serves as a interesting view into what it may have been like from the perspective of the immigrant population, but does not take into account the effect these emmigrations had on the people who inhabited this land from the beginning. 

Works Cited

Moodie, Susanna. Roughing it in the Bush.. Project Gutenburg, 18 January 2004. Web. 9 Apr 2013.

Paterson, Erika. “Lesson 2:3”. Canadian Literature, University of BritishColumbia. 26 February 2021. Lecture notes.

Lutz, in his asking of us, his readers, to “perceive Indigenous performance through their eyes as well as those of the Europeans,” is presenting us with a rather troublesome exercise. Of course, having a limited scope of Indigenous culture and tradition presents a significant obstacle in the function of viewing this through the eyes of the Indigenous at this time. Of course, this is the case for a large amount of us due to the silencing and suppression of Indigenous written and oral content. We, students in 2021, are far removed and unable to envision that moment of initial meeting, so having an idea of the gravity of and what this moment would be like through the lens of either party is a long shot. However this is quite apparent, and Lutz is clearly aware of this in his asking. 

What we, the readers, can begin to collectively understand, is the unjustified overtaking of Indigenous land and culture by the Europeans. John Winthrop, a founding member of the Massachussetts Bay Colony “justified his claims to the Indigenous Peoples’ land by arguing that they did not mark their ownership of it in ways that Europeans recognized” (Strom, 1978.) There is was clearly a lack of recognition from one party to the other. Another example is the effect of “first contact” on the Beothuk peoples of Newfoundland. The “European colonization forced the Beothuk from their traditional coastal settlements,. And into conflict with other indigenous peoples over resrouces such as caribou” (Caryl-Sue, 2018.) These are things we hear about through articles and written reports, but the act of putting yourself in the shoes of those involved in these instances is rather ambitious. 

With this being said, what Lutz does encourage us to do, is acknowledge the fact that we occupy a very different existence than that of our ancestors; and with this comes a great deal of misinformation and falsity in the adaptation of their history. I found this reading to be very eye-opening!

Works Cited

Lutz, J. S., Binney, J., Dauenhauer, N. M., Dauenhauer, R., & Maclaren, I. S. (2014). Myth and memory: Stories of indigenous-european contact. In Myth and Memory: Stories of Indigenous-European Contact (pp. 30-45). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Strom, Margot Stern. “Facing History and Ourselves: The Study of the Holocaust and Human Behavior.” Media and Methods 14.9 (1978): 17-20.

First encounters in the Americas. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.facinghistory.org/holocaust-and-human-behavior/chapter-2/first-encounters-americas

Having a glimpse into what everyone associates with “home” was a very interesting, yet intimate exercise. Although there were many similarities shared between many of us partaking in this assignment, they differed in their own way. From what I gathered, some of the more communal values, assumptions, and stories people associated with home were as follows.

My dog, Oakley, who will be referenced much too frequently throughout the course of this class.

First and foremost, pets. Of course not everyone has a pet, but I am confident that those who do have a pet will agree with me in saying that there is a special bond between the animal and yourself. I for one, when away from “home” at university, my dog took up a portion of my mind that it would insult the human members of my family should they read this. I am not surprised that I shared this attachment to home.

Next of course was family. When one thinks of home it is common to partner your family with this topic. Whether family being your parents and siblings or the people that were responsible for molding into the person you are today, everyone has a sense of family. 

Also, a surprising number of my fellow classmates brought up them moving from one place to another, having more than one place they call home. This was unexpected if im being honest. When I think of all my friends I made throughout high school, almost 100% of them had been friends with one another since they can remember. One thing I mentioned in my blog post was the relevance of childhood friends, and how they shared experiences with you as part of growing up together. I didn’t realize how many shared my reality of a transition of city and even province. This was both reassuring and eye opening concurrently. 

Lastly, from what I gathered to be commonplace among us all was the association of the physical landscape of what is home. The stimulation of the sense that a return to home brings when spending a period of time elsewhere. For me, as mentioned in my blog post, are the mountains. It was so interesting hearing the varying associations of smells, energy, and bond one has with their impression of home. The aforementioned characteristics of home being “somewhere that is both desirable and that exists in the minds eye as much as in a particular physical location” (Allex Fox, 2016.) 

This has been yet again a very thought-provoking and insightful invitation to think of ordinary concepts such as home through a deeper introspective lens. I very much enjoyed this exercise. 

Works Cited

Fox, M. A., & *, N. (2016, December 23). Why is home so important to us?  https://blog.oup.com/2016/12/home-place-environment/

Why are dogs called ‘man’s best friend’? (2019, December 05).  https://www.rover.com/blog/dogs-called-mans-best-friend/

A view of the North Vancouver mountains

The sense of home is strikingly powerful. It is something that is different to each and every one of us, regardless of where we live. Whether we are immediate next-door neighbours, or live on opposite sides of the world, our sense of “home” will differ from one person to the next.

Being born in Vancouver and living in North Vancouver until I was two years old, I am confident I subconsciously developed this love for the Coastal Mountains at this very young age. When I think of home, the most significant symbol of this is the mountains. Due to my parents work, I moved to the heart of downtown Toronto, even though I grew up in this bustling city of Toronto, I am so drawn to the climate, the landscape and all that Vancouver has to offer. I love Toronto, but there is something about the mountains and forest, I am certain that I will never be able to live in a place without them.

My dog, Oakley at the Cleveland Dam, a two minute drive from my house. One of his favourite spots.

With this being said, when I think of home with regards to people, I think of Toronto. This is for a number of reasons. First of all, all of my family lives in Toronto. It is where my parents were raised. and in Muskoka we have a cottage that we visit frequently. A place where our whole extended family gets together and spends time with one another. On top of this, since I spent pre-school to 6^th Grade in Toronto, it is where I developed my first friendships, a group of people that I am still close with to this day. It is easy to drift away from your childhood friends, as life presents many challenges, and changes, but these are people that you grew up with, learned with, and share life-long memories with, very important people!

As mentioned before, when I think of home in regards to a physical place, I think of the mountains. Even when I go back to Toronto to visit family, friends and my old “home,” I find myself yearning for the mountains within a week. They are something that I’ve fallen in love with over the past decade of living in North Vancouver, and I really attribute this allure for mountains to stem from my first two years on the planet living here, even though I don’t remember it.

Finally, not to get all sappy on you, but I of course credit my dog when I think of home. Having been with my family for the past 14 years, the little bastard has been at home with me for as long as I can remember. He and I have lived together in both Toronto and Vancouver, he made the journey across the country with us. He is a very integral part of my family, a prominent fifth member of the team. Every time I open the door of my “home” I hear his collar jingle as he runs to come greet me as if I had been gone for months on end, when it had really only been about an hour.

In conclusion, my sense of home is an ambidextrous one. My answer would differ depending on the variable being people, or place. I feel very fortunate to be able to consider both of the aforementioned places “home,” and in no way take either for granted, I am truly grateful. Home is “both a place and an idea, complex and multifaceted.” I very much enjoyed this exercise as “home” is not something that I feel I am introspective and appreciative of as often as I should be, so this was very beneficial!

If there was one word to describe Sam, that word was “curious.” He was a young boy with a mean case of inquisitiveness. His Father, one of the wealthiest lawyers in Manhattan, had just bought the family a massive property with acres of land just outside of the city centre. “This,” Sam thought to himself, “is heaven.” 

As mentioned before, Sam was a boy with an insatiable appetite for discovery. He was as curious as can be, and was bursting at the seams to get out into his new backyard to explore. He shot out of the backdoor like a bat out of hell, running for the trees lining the back of the property. “My god, that boy cannot sit still for more than two minutes without running off” said his Father. 

“From here all the way to here” said Sam, talking to himself while waving a finger in the air, drawing out his imaginary tree-top fortress. Everything was going according to plan. He had established which trees would house his fictional stronghold (the tallest ones of course) and now, all that was left to do was go figure out which of his imaginary friends would he show his new domain first.

Sam was a child that didn’t exactly attract the other kids his age. In fact, he had a reverse effect on them, the other children were repelled away, lacking the level of curiosity and imagination Sam possessed. He wasn’t one with many friends, so he had to make do with what he had. Running around the yard, looking for things that he could decorate his newfound fictional fortress with, Sam was one happy kid. Continuing on his romp around his new backyard, he discovered a small hole in the fence at the far corner. Peering through the hole he noticed his neighbour, a young boy around his age, sitting with his back against the fence. Sam called out to him, and when the boy on the other side of the fence turned around, Sam noticed he was crying, hard. 

Taken aback by this, never had he seen such a clear portrayal of sadness on another humans face. When he asked what was wrong, the response he got was one that changed him, troubled him deeply. The story was so evil, so upsetting, that Sam never went on another adventure in the backyard again after that day. The story left such a mark on Sam, that the boy that was once filled with so much curiosity and fantasy, was now one that spent his days inside, the lights that was once inside had been dimmed. He wished everyday that he had not come across the boy on the other side of the fence. But, of course, it was too late. For once a story is told it cannot be called back. Once told, it is loose in the world. So you have to be careful with the stories you tell. And you have to watch out for the stories you are told. 

~~~~~

Reading something aloud that I have written is a pretty foreign concept to me. Although the story was short and done rather quickly, it was still a very interest process from beginning to end. I ended up telling my story to my parents, who had two different reactions to hearing it. My dad, kind of half listening, gave me a thoughtful nod and said that it was interesting, really only taking the story at surface level. When I told my mom, she listened intently from start to finish, and we had a long conversation about it afterwards. I guess the story itself is about the youthful innocence being robbed from this young boy at a time when he was least expecting it, quite a sullen situation. But, all in all I found this to be a very thought-provoking exercise, and a totally new experience for me and for that im grateful! 

Question: Why is the notion that cultures can be distinguished as either “oral culture” or “written culture” (19) is a mistaken understanding as to how culture works, according to Chamberlin and your reading of Courtney MacNeil’s article “Orality.” 

Throughout this blog post, the notion of “oral cultures” and “written cultures” being their own separate entities, completely detached from one another will be attempted to be debunked. The writings of J. Edward Chamberlin and “Orality” written by Courtney MacNeil are two avenues of information that offer the reader so much insight into this particular affair. Where a lot of issues arise on this topic is the notion of cultures being defined by their modes of communication. Cultures can clearly be both “Oral” and “Written” as both oral and written mediums are quite apparent in every culture. 

J. Edward Chamberlin is a professor in the English Department and Center for Comparative Literature at the University of Toronto. His areas of research include: Modernist and Contemporary poetry, Caribbean literature, Indigenous literatures, Oral and Written traditions, and stories/storytelling. He has comprehensive publications on the oral and written histories of Indigenous peoples and provides very important commentary and criticism on their misrepresentation and mistreatment. Something that Chamberlin unpacks in both his novel and interview, is the act of holding oral culture and written culture on opposing grounds creates an “us” versus them” psychology of ostracizing.

Courtney MacNeil speaks on similar grounds to this statement. In her article “Orality,” she draws on an example proposed by John Miles Foley, something he calls “The Great Divide” between written and oral traditions, and how this “unequal dichotomy” promotes the “notion of orality as a primtive or underdeveloped medium” (MacNeil, 2007.) I can’t help but agree with her. As the world continues on its path of “evolutionary progress,” the value and virtue of oral traditions is buried deep within the suppressed cultures of those we have oppressed. 

Now, with this being said, of course in the West we view ourselves as the farthest thing from “underdeveloped” or “primitive,” so there is no shock that students are being taught to regard “oral” cultures and “written” cultures as two separate things. The way it is distributed to the masses is through a filter which promotes “oral” culture to be viewed as one tied to myths and fantasy, stories holding little to no validity or verifiable truth; whereas “written” culture is the only medium where facts and proper statistics are supplied.

Culture is much too complex to be broken into these two dichotomies as MacNeil puts it. There are too many variables to be taken into account. In her paper titled “The Relationship between the Oral and Written mode of communication within the fabric of Western Based Society,” Sharon McLeod helps summarize this point further by saying “…oral narratives continue to be dominated by the written mode of communication which inadvertently serves as justification for the propagation of the dichotomy between the two” (Mcleod, 2006.) I hope that this is more frequently a topic of future discussions as it will help provide a more inclusive and legitimate perspective of “oral’ and “written” cultures.

Works Cited

Chamberlin, Edward. “Interview with J. Edward Chamberlin”. Writer’s Café.  Web April 04 2013.

McLeod, S.”THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ORAL AND WRITTEN MODE OF COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE FABRIC OF WESTERN BASED SOCIETY” (August, 2006.) http://dtpr.lib.athabascau.ca/action/download.php?filename=mais/sharonmcleodProject.pdf

Courtney MacNeil, “Orality.” The Chicago School of Media Theory. Uchicagoedublogs. 2007. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.http://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/mediatheory/keywords/orality/

Hi everyone!

My name is Aidan McConnell. I am a Cultural Studies Major in my fourth year at UBC. Living in North Vancouver, I have fallen in love with the coastal mountains I have been surrounded by for the past decade. Living on and around these mountains, I have developed a passion for skiing and mountain biking. 

I grew up in Toronto, Ontario and moved out west in the summer of 7th Grade. Coming from Ontario, I didnt have much knowledge of Canadian History and its cultural background. Since moving to Vancouver, I have been exposed to so much more of our countries colonial history. I was falsely lead to believe Canada, in regards to our neighbours to the south, was a country built with a rigid moral structure. Throughout my years at UBC I have been privileged enough to have been shown how this is not the case, and exposed to our rather dark past.

Image Taken by me at the mouth of the Capilano River.

As mentioned before, I am living in North Vancouver, just a couple-minute walk from the Capilano Suspension Bridge and the Capilano River Hatchery. These are two very popular tourist attractions and I would just like to share with you quickly the history of these two landmarks as it is something I did not know about myself until recently. The name Capilano belongs to the Squamish Nation, originally being spelt as “Kia’palano” which means “beautiful river” and was the name of a former Squamish chief that lived in this area in the 1800’s. A team, lead by another Squamish chief named August Jack Khahtsahlano were responsible for the swimming of the ropes to support the bridge across the treacherous river. Just up-river from the Suspension Bridge, lies the Salmon Hatchery. This offers a very informative viewing experience for visitors explaining the hatching process of the different fish that come here to spawn, and in the fall, salmon returning to the Capilano River provide an important food, social and ceremonial fishery for the Squamish First Nation.

To my understanding, this course is about revisiting Canadian Literature through a historical lens. Together, we will look at a broad range of stories from both settler, and Indigenous writers and draw our attention to why certain stories spend so much time under the spotlight, and others do not. 

I am very much looking forward to reading and dissecting the various course readings with you all via our blogs. Being a Cultural Studies major I have read many papers and books on this topic at hand, as well as written papers on the subject, but I am excited to further my knowledge and understanding of Canadian Literature and its history. Something I am especially looking forward to is taking a deeper look into the stories that we are most commonly shown to us, but more importantly looking into the stories that are not show to us so regularly. I strongly believe that in order to be informed and conscious of Canada’s history, it is crucial to have an understanding of both of these stories, those that are shown and those that are not.

Works Cited

Our History: Capilano Suspension Bridge Park. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2021, from https://www.capbridge.com/our-story/history/

Government of Canada, F. (2020, November 09). Capilano River Hatchery. Retrieved January 16, 2021, from https://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sep-pmvs/projects-projets/capilano/capilano-eng.html