The geology of this Central American country started with the formation of crystalline basement rocks in the first Phanerozoic period, the Paleozoic. In this time Central America was conformed of two defined geological provinces both located one to the north and the other to the south of Nicaragua.

After this at the beginning of the Mesozoic period, the Cretaceous to be exact there was an expansion of intrusive igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks.

The northern part of Nicaragua is conformed mostly by metamorphic rocks which were later on covered by the sedimentary during the already mentioned Mesozoic and Cenozoic period. The southern part represents the igneous rocks.

Finally volcanoes started to happen due to the subduction of the Coco’s plate around the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary. Lets also remember that North and South America were separated by the Central American canal however given this series of events (erosion, sediment deposits) created the land bridge between the North and the South.