Linking Task 2: Does language shape the way we think? — Jerry Chen

Links: My post for Task 2; Jerry’s post for Task 2

I chose to link to Jerry’s post because we have the same native language (Chinese). For this “Does language shape the way we think?” task, I thought it would be interesting to find similarities and differences between two people’s ways of thinking, especially when they speak the same language.


Tools used

We’re both using WordPress on UBC Blogs, so the content-authoring capabilities for our sites should be similar. However, we’re using different themes, resulting in differences in the end-user interface. For example, Jerry’s background color is white and the text color is dark grey, while mine is reversed. Also, the text size for my theme is larger than Jerry’s, meaning my post would appear longer.

For this task, we both primarily used text to represent our reflection. In addition, Jerry inserted the original YouTube video, while I used several images to help explain my words.


Content


Themes we both discussed

1. Different cultures use different directions to represent time.

We both discussed how different language speakers use different directions to represent time. Jerry mentioned that “this was something new I learned from watching the speech” (Chen, 2023). Because of my psychology background, I knew this phenomenon before watching the video. In my post, I tried to find the relationships between traditional Mandarin handwriting (vertical writing) and Chinese speakers’ representation of time (using a vertical axis).

2. Our experience learning English as a second language.

We both used our experience learning English as our second language to relate to Dr. Boroditsky’s claim that language shapes people’s thinking (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017). As multilingual learners, our ways of thinking have changed after speaking English most of the time every day.

3. Changing how people talk can change how people think.

We both agreed that learning a new language changed how we think. Jerry emphasized grammar confusion when speaking different languages, while I talked more about my changed value, which is more aligned with individualism now.

4. Language influences what people pay attention to and how people process information.

We both agreed that language use can change information processing and what people pay attention to. Jerry related to his teaching experience as he used different wording to emphasize more important content. I emphasized the way different language speakers describe events influences their following memory.

5. The number-counting system is different across different cultures.

We both mentioned the Chinese number-counting system, which differs from the Canadian one. I mentioned in my post that “Chinese number system is relatively straightforward, and the names for numbers are highly regular” (Wang, 2023). Jerry used hand counting as another example to show that even body language differs across cultures. Jerry mentioned using “a one-hand counting method for representing the first ten numbers, and the classmates and teachers were very confused” (Chen, 2023).


New ideas from Jerry’s post

Jerry mentioned that Chinese standard greetings are asking whether you’ve eaten. I haven’t thought about this phenomenon when writing my post. Indeed, in China, people greet others by asking whether they have eaten breakfast, lunch, or dinner, depending on the time.

In Jerry’s post, he said that when he speaks Mandarin after using English the majority of the time every day, he sometimes uses incorrect grammar that would be correct in English. I highly emphasize Jerry’s experience. Moreover, I sometimes use English words when speaking Mandarin due to tip-of-the-tongue (failing to retrieve the corresponding Chinese words).

I appreciate Jerry’s idea that language is ever-changing and that new generations use existing words to mean new things. Due to cultural, technological, or societal changes, words often acquire new meanings over time. A representative example that came to my mind is the meaning of “6” in China. Its meaning changed from the original number six to an auspicious representation, then to modern Mandarin slang, which means “amazing, excellent, unbelievable, impressive.”


References

Chen, J. (2023, September 17). Task 2 | ETEC 540 – Jerry Chenhttps://blogs.ubc.ca/etecjerrychen/2023/09/17/task-2/

SAR School for Advanced Research. (2017, June 7). Lera Boroditsky, how the languages we speak shape the way we think [Video]. YouTube.

Wang, B. (2023, September 9). Task 2: Does language shape the way we think? – Bingying (Iris) Wang-ETEC540. https://blogs.ubc.ca/etec540bingyingwang/2023/09/09/task-2-does-language-shape-the-way-we-think/

Task 4: Manual Scripts

Reflection


Here is my handwritten reflection. Please click on the interactive elements below for full image and typed text.


Commentary


Do you normally write by hand or type? Did you find this task difficult or easy? Explain.

I do not normally write by hand these days. I used to be a handwriting person; I took notes by hand during university even though my laptop was with me all the time. Choosing and buying lovely notebooks and colorful pens for the incoming semester was exciting and enjoyable. Nowadays, it is hard to even find a piece of paper in my apartment, but I still sometimes write by hand using my iPad. I did not find this task too difficult because of the muscle memory I developed when learning to write. Even though I have not written by hand for a while, my finger muscles can quickly recall the writing movements when I start writing again. Also, I practiced Italian handwriting during high school, so I am confident and motivated to write this task by hand.


What did you do when you made a mistake or wanted to change your writing? How did you edit your work? Did your choice of media play a part in how you edited your work?

When I made the first mistake, I got confused for a second because I did not find the “delete” key. I am so used to being able to go back and delete after making mistakes when typing on laptops, making editing a handwriting note challenging for me. I could only cross out the mistake and rewrite it correctly for this handwritten text. Also, it is not easy to produce error-free text when writing by hand since I do not have the aid of editing and auto-correction tools. So, I decided to write a draft, edit it by fixing grammatical or structural mistakes, and rewrite it on another paper. My choice of media played a part in how I edited my work. Paper and pen made editing more troublesome than an iPad, which provides convenient functions such as selecting and moving, copying and pasting, and erasing.


What do you feel is the most significant difference between writing by hand and using mechanized forms of writing? Which do you prefer and why?

I feel the most significant difference is the editing and corrections. Making edits in handwritten text is more cumbersome because it often involves crossing out words or starting over. Directly producing an error-free work seems impossible. In comparison, mechanized forms of writing can be easily produced using digital tools, which allows users to delete, cut, copy, and paste text with ease. Also, I had to think more about spelling when writing by hand and still made spelling mistakes, which can easily be auto-corrected when typing.

Bolter (2001) claimed that “when in the history of writing a new technology appears, it may supplement an established technology or replace it” (p.22). From my observation, phones, laptops, computers, and other developing technological products are gradually replacing paper and pen. I personally prefer typing on a keyboard because it provides various advantages. Typing is less physically demanding than handwriting, which leads to hand fatigue after writing for a while. Also, typing allows for faster and more efficient writing, assisting me to finish tasks with speed and accuracy. Digital documents can be stored and retrieved quickly, making information management more efficient. Moreover, as Bolter (2001) mentioned, web spaces contain multimedia features (audio, video, interactive elements, etc.) that paper does not.


References

Bolter, J. D. (2001). Writing space: Computers, hypertext, and the remediation of print (2nd ed). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Task 2: Does language shape the way we think?

[06:30] Dr. Boroditsky claims that speakers of different languages have to think differently because speakers must pay attention to such different information just to be able to speak (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017).

Kuuk Thaayorre language speakers must pay attention to absolute cardinal directions all the time to be able to have normal daily conversations because they do not use any relative spatial terms (Boroditsky, 2011). Even just for greetings, they may need to give accurate responses regarding directions.

In my own experience, Chinese speakers need to focus on the relationships among family members and relatives all the time to call them properly. The reason is that there are different words for all types of relatives. For example, Boroditsky (2011) said, “I would have to specify whether a titular uncle is maternal or paternal and whether he is related by blood or marriage because there are different words for all these different types of uncles” (p.64).


[13:25] Dr. Boroditsky mentions that times don’t just have to be on the horizontal axis (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017). For example, in Mandarin, the past is up, and the future is down, indicating a vertical axis in addition to the horizontal one.

According to Boroditsky (2011), the direction of writing in a language affects how people organize time. For example, in accordance with their respective writing directions, English speakers arrange a series of events from left to right and Hebrew speakers tend to arrange events from right to left.

For Chinese speakers, the overwhelming majority of writing follows the same direction as English speakers today. Vertical writing (from top to bottom in columns) is another standard format for written Chinese, especially for classical texts and calligraphy (Holdenje, 2023). The vertical format is still commonly used in traditional settings. I think this is one of the reasons why Chinese speakers use an additional vertical axis (up for past and down for future) for times.


[18:37] Dr. Boroditsky claims that changing how people talk can change how people think (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017).

As a multilingual learner (Chinese and English), I think my thinking has changed after speaking English daily. For example, I began to value autonomy, personal achievement, and self-independence more during my university life. Being dependent upon my parents is considered embarrassing for me. Also, I place a greater emphasis on being competent and unique. My current way of thinking is more aligned with individualism, which emphasizes personal identity and is valued more by Western cultures (Kendra, 2022).


[29:31] Dr. Boroditsky claims that English speakers don’t strongly distinguish between accidents and things that are intentional (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017).

Similar to English, there is no grammatical difference in Mandarin to distinguish between accidents and intentionality. We primarily rely on context, verb usage, and additional words. For example, the most straightforward way is to add the adjective “故意的” (means intentionally or on purpose) or “意外的” (means unexpected or accidental) before the verb.

According to Boroditsky (2011), the differences in how people describe events influence the following eyewitness memory. In my own experience, I remember “who did things” better than “whether the thing is intentional or accidental.”


[36:32] Dr. Boroditsky mentions that there are no exact number words in the Pirahã language and that Pirahã people have trouble doing even basic numerical tasks (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017).

Chinese people have a reputation for strong mathematical abilities. For example, China currently ranks first based on the medal count at the International Mathematical Olympiad (Wikipedia contributors, 2023). Except for the growth mindset (the belief in the ability of all students) and the pedagogical approach used in the Chinese education system, language may also contribute to the perception that Chinese people excel in math (Maxwell, 2021). For instance, the Chinese number system is relatively straightforward, and the names for numbers are highly regular, making it easier for Chinese learners to grasp basic numerical concepts at an early stage. According to Zhang et al. (2017), “language abilities were able to significantly predict both informal and formal math skills” for Chinese-speaking children (p.9).


[45:27] Dr. Boroditsky mentions that linguistic diversity, derived from the adaptability and flexibility of human intelligence, provides valuable cognitive toolkits for humans (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017).

Language diversity provides me opportunities to think about things differently and expand my visions of what is possible, allowing me to see more opportunities in the world. Exposed to multiple languages can also have cognitive advantages, including improved problem-solving skills, better multitasking abilities, and increased creativity (Skrypkina, 2022). On a social level, Token (2023) claimed that linguistic diversity is essential for achieving social justice and equality.


[50:40] Dr. Boroditsky claims that it is impossible to achieve exact translation across any two languages (SAR School for Advanced Research, 2017).

I strongly agree with Dr. Boroditsky’s claim. Languages have unique structures, grammatical rules, vocabulary, cultural references, intonation, pragmatics, and context dependency, making it impossible to precisely translate across languages. Some languages have words or expressions that do not exist in other languages. For instance, the Chinese word “撒娇” (an expression of affection; a behavior where a person acts in a sweet way to seek attention, care, or pampering from their partner) has no direct equivalent in English or Japanese (my partner is from Japan). 


References

Boroditsky, L. (2011). How language shapes thoughtScientific American, 304(2), 62-65.

Holdenje. (2023, August 15). Right to Left? Left to Right? Decoding Chinese Reading Direction – maayot. maayot • Daily Chinese Readinghttps://www.maayot.com/blog/chinese-reading-direction/

Kendra. C. (2022). What is a collectivist culture? Verywell Mindhttps://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-collectivistic-cultures-2794962#:~:text=Collectivism%20stresses%20the%20importance%20of,are%20promoted%20in%20individualistic%20cultures.

Maxwell, D. (2021, September 30). The Secrets of Chinese mathematics – Domino Chinese. Domino Chinese. https://www.dominochinese.com/posts/the-secrets-of-chinese-mathematics/

SAR School for Advanced Research. (2017, June 7). Lera Boroditsky, how the languages we speak shape the way we think [Video]. YouTube.

Skrypkina, T. (2022, August 31). 6 Powerful Benefits of Embracing Linguistic Diversity – Verbal bridges. Verbal Bridges. https://verbalbridges.com/6-powerful-benefits-of-embracing-linguistic-diversity/

Toke, N. (2023). Linguistic Diversity: What Is It, How To Encourage It, And Why Is It Important [2023 DEI Resources] | Diversity for Social Impact. Diversity for Social ImpactTMhttps://diversity.social/linguistic-diversity/

Wikipedia contributors. (2023). List of countries by medal count at International Mathematical Olympiad. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_medal_count_at_International_Mathematical_Olympiad

Zhang, J., Fan, X., Cheung, S. K., Meng, Y., Cai, Z., & Hu, B. Y. (2017). The role of early language abilities on math skills among Chinese children. PLOS ONE12(7), e0181074. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181074

Task 1: What’s in your bag?

Hi everyone! My name is Bingying (Iris) Wang and I live in Vancouver, BC. I have been in the higher education industry for over seven years. This (ETEC 540) is my eighth/ninth course in my MET journey.


What is my daily need for the items in my bag? 

Here are the items from a bag I commonly carry. Please click on the items in the interactive image below for details.

 


These items in my bag act like implicit “texts” and provide cues about who I am, the places I inhabit, the culture I engage in, and the activities I take up. 

Identification cards provide the most direct information (name, age, address, and other personal info) about who I am. Carrying pills shows that I have long-term headaches and stomach problems. Still carrying masks after the pandemic suggests that I am cautious; carrying perfume shows that I am sensitive to odours.

The navigation apps and the car keys provide information about the places I inhabit. I live in Richmond, where a car is essential for daily life because of insufficient transit. My fob indicates that I live in an apartment instead of a house.

Both Chinese and Canadian documents show that I engage in multiple cultures. The Costco membership card reveals that I go shopping regularly. Carrying Air pods indicates that I enjoy listening to music a lot.


Some of my items are enabled by technology; they explicitly or implicitly influence how I engage with language and communication.

Phone: I can communicate with other people in various ways, including text messages, instant messages, voice messages, voice calls, video calls, emails, social media, and location sharing. Moreover, I can communicate with systems. For example, Google Home enables me to turn on or off the speakers and lights in my apartment; I can use Eufy Security to check the inside of my home.

Bank cards: Digital communication between the cards and their respective systems granted me access to certain affordances of these technologies.

Key fobs: My apartment key fob works through the REID technology to provide me with access to the entrance, parking lot, garbage room and elevator (Awati & Hwang, 2021). The car key fob communicates with the car system, allowing me to unlock the doors and start the engine.


Current human literacies encompass a wide range of skills and knowledge areas beyond the traditional notion of reading and writing. Items in my bag indirectly indicate the key literacies I have.

Phone:

Digital literacy: Understanding how to use technologies effectively, including information searching, communication, and use of applications (Kapur, 2019).

Media literacy: critically analyze and understand various forms of media, including websites, social media, and news (Kapur, 2019).

Wallet and keys:

Financial literacy: Knowledge of personal finance, including saving, investing, budgeting, and managing debt.

Pills and Mask:

Health literacy: accessing, understanding, and applying health information to make correct health judgements or decisions in one’s daily life (Kapur, 2019).

Perfume and Air pods:

Emotional literacy: the ability to understand and effectively communicate emotions and empathize with others (Kapur, 2019).

Official documents from different countries:

Cultural literacy: knowledge and understanding of cultures with different traditions, beliefs, values, and standards (Kapur, 2019).

Legal literacy: knowledge of the basic legal system in one’s country.


I would say the narrative of the contents of my bag is incomplete; it is only a part of the narrative produced by the image I outwardly project.

There are things I use daily but cannot be carried in a bag; they provide additional information about me. For example, I carry my cue case daily in the car because I am a pool player. I practice pool more than four times weekly in the local pool halls and join large-scale pool tournaments approximately every four months. Also, I use my iPad for painting; Procreate is the app I use the most. All my tattoos were designed by myself, showing my capacity to generate new ideas (creative literacy).


Past 

Fifteen years ago, I was an elementary school student. All I had in my bag then were school supplies, such as textbooks, pens, notebooks, etc.

Based on my memory (of my parents’ items), the equivalent of these items in my bag from 15 years ago were way less integrated. For example, the most popular mobile banking product was SMS banking before 2010 (Team, 2023). Most of the time, people needed to go to banks in person for card services due to the limited functions of SMS banking. In contrast, people can now use online banking apps to easily manage accounts, transfer funds, pay bills, check deposits, view transactions, and manage cards. Another example would be the resolution in pixels of the mobile phone camera, which changed from 320 x 480 to 1290 x 2796 (AppMySite, 2023). Except for professional photographers, people no longer need to buy an extra camera.

 


Future

I imagine an archeologist aiming to understand this temporal period might view my items in a similar way as I view those equivalent things (as I mentioned above) from 15 years ago. The archeologist may think that many of my items have limited functions or can be combined into an integrated product. For example, tangible bank cards might be ousted completely; people only need online banking apps. I believe that as technology develops, items people carry daily in bags will become more integrated.


References

AppMySite. (2023). The complete guide to iPhone screen resolutions and sizes (Updated for 2023). AppMySitehttps://www.appmysite.com/blog/the-complete-guide-to-iphone-screen-resolutions-and-sizes/

Awati, R., & Hwang, D. (2021). key fob. Securityhttps://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/key-fob

Kapur, R. (2019). Types of literacy. ResearchGatehttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/332875093_Types_of_Literacy

Team, C. (2023). Mobile banking. Corporate Finance Institutehttps://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/wealth-management/mobile-banking/

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