Final Project: Describing Communication Technologies

Text Tech – Episode 001: Johnson’s Dictionary

References:

Adams, M. (2009). What Samuel Johnson really did. Retrieved from https://www.neh.gov/humanitie
     s/2009/septemberoctober/feature/what-samuel-johnson-really-did

Bate, W. J. (1978). Samuel Johnson. London: Chatto & Windus.

CAWDREY, Robert. (2019). In Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved from https://www.encyclopedia.com/huma
     nities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cawdrey-robert

Dictionary. (2019). In OED Online. Retrieved from https://www-oed-com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/
     view/Entry/52325?redirectedFrom=dictionary&

Dictionary of the English Language. (2007). In T. J. Schoenberg & L. J. Trudeau (Eds.), 
     Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800 (Vol. 128). Detroit, MI: Gale. Retrieved from 
     https://link-gale-com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/apps/doc/H1410001726/LitRC?u=ubcolumbia&sid
     =LitRC&xid=354ab2e8

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1998). A dictionary of the English language. Retrieved from 
     https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Dictionary-of-the-English-Language-by-Johnson

Johnson, Samuel (1709–1784). (2019). In Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved from https://www.encyclopedia
     .com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/johnson-samuel-1709-1784

Martin, P. (2019). Escaping Samuel Johnson. Retrieved from https://www.theparisreview.org/blog
     /2019/05/30/escaping-samuel-johnson/

Merriam-Webster Inc. (2019). In Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved from https://www.encyclopedia.com
     /books/politics-and-business-magazines/merriam-webster-inc

Mugglestone, L. (Producer). (2012, February 13). Babbling a dialect of France: Loanwords, 
     French, and Johnson's dictionary. [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from https://podcasts.ox.ac.
     uk/babbling-dialect-france-loanwords-french-and-johnsons-dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary. (2019). In Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved from https://www.encyclopedia
     .com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oxford-english-dictionary

Reddick, A. H., & Johnson, S. (1996). The making of johnson's dictionary, 1746-1773 (Rev. ed.).
     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Smith, G. H. (2018). Samuel Johnson and his dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.libertarian
     ism.org/columns/samuel-johnson-dictionary

Smith, G. H. (2018). Samuel Johnson: Hack writer extraordinaire. Retrieved from https://www.
     libertarianism.org/columns/samuel-johnson-hack-writer-extraordinaire

Somers, J. (2019). Biography of Samuel Johnson, 18th century writer and lexicographer. Retrieved 
     from https://www.thoughtco.com/samuel-johnson-4770437

Sommerlad, J. (2017). Samuel Johnson: Who was he, and why is he so important to the English 
     language? Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/samuel-
     johnson-google-doodle-who-was-he-dictionary-james-boswell-writer-publisher-wit-a7952616.html

Linking

https://www.gnookgnome.com/post/voice-to-text

HM published content on Wix, and I published on UBC Blogs/WordPress. In terms of mechanical functionality Wix and UBC Blogs/WordPress are very similar; thus our presentations of content throughout the course are comparable. One notable difference is that HM requires a log in to leave comments and I do not. After searching the Wix Help Center I believe logging in to comment is a requirement for Wix. This barrier is a minor frustration. Before signing up for a Wix account in order to comment on a classmate’s post I considered not signing up and not leaving a comment because the log-in barrier is an unnecessary inconvenience from a user perspective.

For Task 3 HM writes, “Oral storytelling excludes the thoughts of the storyteller . . . Written storytelling gives a reader more context and is better at filling in the gaps using side notes.” This explication invited me to consider an opposite perspective on differences between oral and written storytelling. For example, I wrote:

In general oral storytelling affords a more embodied, emphatic, and emotive presentation than written storytelling . . . the embodied prosody of oral storytelling adds . . . an interpretive dimension . . . Written storytelling does not provide such embodied interpretation; the reader is open to draw his or her own conclusions. Thus lacking audible inflection and tonality, written storytelling allows a reader more room for textual interpretation than oral storytelling; in oral storytelling an orator’s eisegesis stands between the text and the listener.

My perspective is that oral storytelling implicitly or explicitly conveys the storyteller’s thoughts more than written storytelling. Although after reflection I have not changed my stance, it is worthwhile for me to consider HM’s perspective. One aspect which I had not considered prior to HM’s post regarding how written storytelling may “[give] a reader more context” than oral storytelling is that written text not only allows the reader the chance to go back and re-read things they miss, but the medium of written storytelling may also afford the opportunity for the writer to include more details than a listener would enjoy in an oral storytelling setting. In this manner, HM has a valid point which expands my perspective.


https://blogs.ubc.ca/pbarrington/2019/09/25/task-4-manual-scripts/

Philip and I present content similarly throughout this course, both utilizing UBC Blogs/WordPress. One difference is Philip uses a narrower reading pane. One characteristic of a wider reading pane is it makes posts seem shorter.

For Task 4 Philip writes, “at times I limit my vocabulary when I am typing on the computer. I find that I stick with the words that I am comfortable with and I do not challenge my writing style. The computer has a way of limiting the risk of writing.”

Philip’s experience invited me to consider a perspective different from my own. I tend to limit my vocabulary and risk when I write without a computer; I take more risks on a computer than without. I almost exclusively use a digital device to reference definitions, spellings, synonyms, and antonyms, and I reference the dictionary frequently when I write. Thus if I write without a computer then I tend towards my preferred option to make easier, less risky choices rather than the more laborious option of writing on paper and having a digital device for reference there as well. However, with the second option I feel more disjointed because I am jumping between two mediums. In the case of writing on a computer I sometimes move between two programs via Alt + Tab to look up content, but my focus remains in one medium.

Thus, when I write away from a computer then I tend to stick to words I know how to spell and use correctly; when I write on a computer I am more likely to use reference material and take risks in word choice, which diversifies my writing and, in my humble opinion, makes it more interesting.


https://blogs.ubc.ca/yilu/2019/09/29/task-4-manual-scripts-and-potato-printing/

Yi and I each published our ETEC 540 content on UBC Blogs/WordPress. We used the same or very similar templates, so our sites look very similar. One difference between our sites is Yi’s site includes a right-side navigation including a search bar, recent posts, archives, tags, categories, and links. Without this right-side navigation on my site the main content for text, images, and video is wider.

Yi and I chose different modes for Task 4. I appreciated that Yi posted her potato prints and confessed her embarrassment because I also found posting the image of my very unflattering handwriting a bit ignominious. Yi indicates the task took longer than she expected and curved letters are very difficult to carve into potatoes. In essence these were the exact cursory reasons why I elected the other mode for Task 4: 1-I expected the potato stamps to take me over an hour if I even had the requisite supplies in the house, and 2-I couldn’t settle on a five-letter word with no repeating letters and letters easy enough for me to complete the task in under an hour. I focused on choosing a qualifying word with vertically symmetric letters. Of course now I realize “MOUTH” would have worked. However in reading Yi’s contribution and reflecting on my own process which led me to the handwriting option I now also realize the deeper problem for me in choosing the potato-printing assignment was not only that I wanted to avoid it and sought to hack the assignment as described above, but as a result of my aversions to the Task for real or fabricated reasons, I never settled on a word which resonated with me.

This leads me to what I conclude from this Task. Words are significant. I did not want to spend an hour printing a five-letter word twice unless the word had some personal significance; I believe this is the real reason I selected the other mode for Task 4. Words are unique, even sacred. Words matter—especially when it takes so long to print them. As Yi writes,

This task is thought-provoking for me since I can not stop imagining what if I need to print a press or law with 100 words? First, I need to select my carving tools, colouring tools, and stamp material( definitely not 100 potatoes). Second, I have to reverse every word carefully then double-check. Third, I need to prepare five pieces of paper for just 1 copy. Ideally, after 10 hours of tedious crafting (6 mins work per word), will I have printed fine copies of this brief writing? The answer is still a no! Since I am not a skilled carver, the print will be blurry . . . After this task, I am feeling blessed to born at a time with the mechanization of writing that knowledge, thoughts, and literature can be easily shared and spread at minimum efforts.

Through reading Yi’s submission and reflection on my interaction with this Task I conclude print matters not only because it can take an investment of time; print matters because words matter.


https://blogs.ubc.ca/kdewald540assigns/week-7-mode-bending/

Kristie and I have similar UBC Blogs/WordPress sites with top-page navigation. One difference in our navigation is my labels are shorter, which makes for a cleaner site but each label provides little information to users without course context, and Kristie’s labels are more informative though they take up more space. A second difference is Kristie employs a banner and I only use a meta-spirited tag of “[Insert Content Here]”. At first I missed the significance of Kristie’s image in the context of this course. However when I clicked on the image I understood its relevance; as Kristie writes, “This picture of the sunset was taken just a few blocks from my house in Nanaimo, BC. My husband and I arrived here only a few months ago and have been very much enjoying the beautiful scenery we are surrounded by.”

Kristie’s mode-bending assignment is an audio narrative. Although it is technically a YouTube video, the video is a black screen; I appreciate Kristie’s decision to exclude a photo to accompany the audio as this provides an opportunity to focus on the story without unnecessary visual distraction. In the spirit of the original assignment and the mode-bending edition Kristie is very successful in crafting a short story which informs the listener of her bag’s contents and their importance without focusing the tone on explaining each item. In this manner she displays creative storytelling prowess and respect for her audience by “showing” the listener without explaining everything. Kristie not only captures the spirit of the digital-analogue temporal hybrid in which we find ourselves as she hops between electronic devices and non-electronic objects but also the familiar tension of having the freedom for leisure activities while lacking the time to enjoy them. The juxtaposition between this conflict and the ever-widening presence of electronic devices, which at least theoretically are aimed towards a time-saving telos, is profound. Listening to Kristie’s reworking of this Task convinced me that I spent too much time in Task 7 describing each object rather than letting a narrative accomplish this purpose.


https://mcdaniel-etec-590.weebly.com/etec-540.html

Jennifer’s ETEC 540 course site is a Weebly page which appears to be aimed for ETEC 590. My ETEC 540 site is specific to this single course. Although most of my online coursework for the MET has been through Canvas so far and I have not been required to create a separate site to publish content online, I greatly like Jennifer’s model of collecting content in one place. Even if one does not plan to take ETEC 590 this is a useful way to document the journey in one place. Creating such a site at the beginning of the MET would be a useful piece of advice I would share with a new MET student.

Another difference between Jennifer’s page and my own is that she posted newer content below older content—“From past to present in linear formation,” rather than in reverse chronological order as I did following popular convention. I particularly noticed Jennifer’s choice not only because of her introductory note but also because at the beginning of this course I used a WordPress template which posted content in chronological order by default, and I replaced it with a reverse-chronological template because I thought classmate interaction with my content may reduce if visitors have to scroll for content. Regardless, I appreciate Jennifer’s thoughtfulness and her explication of the choice. She writes:

Would it be more meaningful and current to change the order? Is there a more cyclical way to organize posts that you know of that would make the information here equal in value? Is it expected that the depth of my work and reflections also increase in complexity and analysis as I continue.

Although I do not know of a more balanced manner to present information I wonder if her second question could particularly inform the design of future digital interfaces.

Another difference between Jennifer’s online interaction and mine is that she uses a comprehensive blog for comments and interaction, “strategically placed at the end of all of my assignments in hopes that the totality of my work would be viewed and considered before comments are made,” and I have discrete comment conversations for each post. Each of our choices with respect to managing comments is consistent to our ETEC 540 courses site structure as discussed above.

For Task 8 Jennifer offers criteria for her Golden Record curation which differs from my own. Whereas I weigh culture, geography, historical significance, artists, composers, instrumentation, and composition, she considers the conveyance of earthly knowledge, complexity of oral language, sound frequency, melody, mathematics, evidence of human intelligent, universality of humanity, and depictions of human evolution in her picks. Jennifer’s overall motivation was to create a welcoming experience. Though the intent is kindhearted and laudable, I found this goal illusive without knowing anything about the recipients.

Jennifer and I have three overlapping selections. We both chose Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. Jennifer included it because it is robust in frequencies. Similarly in my explanation of this selection I wrote, “The composition is an exemplar symphony. It is a complex coordination of dozens of musicians.”

We also both included Bach’s “Well-Tempered Clavier”. I welcomed it because it is a piano-centered composition. Jennifer included it because it is mathematical. I cited percussion from Senegal for the mathematical purpose, though to be transparent as a mathematician and a musician I am not entirely clear what we mean when we label some music as more mathematical than other music. In my case mathematics meant prominence of rhythm. Perhaps in Jennifer’s case mathematical relates to intervals between notes and repetitive melodic patterns. However, one might list atypical time signatures such as 7/8 or 15/16 as more mathematical than common time signatures. Thus I find the “mathematical music” moniker ambiguous.

We also both greenlighted the Peruvian wedding song. Jennifer included this recording because it represents human intellect. I thought the context of a woman lamenting marrying too young speaks to two global human themes: 1-marriage and 2-the different experiences of men and women.

On this second theme, one consideration absent from Jennifer’s explicit evaluative list with which I wrestled in each selection and the overall list was the gender of each selection’s performer(s) and/or composer. While this criteria was in mind in my selection process, one might argue my own list underrepresented women. I have not calculated how my list compares to the original list in this respect. However, even considering this one criteria exposes a challenge of where to cease with such ponderings. I feel relieved knowing Jennifer created a beautiful and thoughtful list without explicitly considering the aspect of gender, even if it may have been an unspoken consideration. Perhaps I struggled with the characteristic of gender too much in my curation.


https://blogs.ubc.ca/etec540personalwebspace/tasks-10-12/

Katie and I both host content on UBC Blogs/WordPress. One distinction between our navigational choices is she clumps triads of Tasks and I individuate Tasks. My solution of utilizing one navigational link per post—“Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 . . . ” worked well most of the term; however once I hit twelve items my menu was less aesthetically appealing, splitting in two lines on my laptop monitor. At that point I abbreviated my headings to “T1 T2 T3 . . .” to maintain tidiness. Although I prefer the navigation options to be only one line, I like Katie’s navigation presentation above my own for two reasons. First she has a cleaner design with seven choices compared to over a dozen on my site. Second when a user selects one of Katie’s triads of Tasks she or he reaches three posts on one page. This not only contextualizes a Task in relationship to two more Tasks; it also increases the likelihood of a visitor engaging more content than a specific post since arriving at new content requires no additional clicking or inter-page navigation.

For Task 11 Katie and I used the same microblogging prompt, “Education is not about . . . ”. We both produced similar grammatically correct nonsense, which misrepresents our perceptions of our voices. I used WhatsApp, and I believe Katie used her Smartphone’s text function. As an independent application I hypothesize WhatsApp employs an internal predictive text algorithm. On a Smartphone I am uncertain if predictive text for texting is an operation of the text application or the operating system. Regardless, our use of varying applications makes for an interesting observation that different applications employ different predictive text algorithms.

Katie picks up that while, “This auto-generated microblog post differs drastically from a post I would actually write to express my views,” her predictive text suggests words and phrases she uses often such as dogs, working out, lunch, and you guys and thus offers the reader insight into her interests. Katie’s point resonates with me because while I would have expected or hoped for the same I had a very different experience. My sentence feels more like Mad Libs®. I do not speak about snakes at all, so in the context of a sentence about education this suggestion seems absurd. Similarly Rachel is a word I use with very low frequency if at all in WhatsApp; it also holds insubstantial statistical significance by others in my WhatsApp chat threads. So again, the predictive suggestion of Rachel and snakes seems very specific, highly irrelevant, and silly to both the content of the lead of the sentence, my personal diction, and my conversational history.

While the juxtaposition of our experiences is interesting in our cases both algorithms were still unsuccessful in the sense of producing useful or correct predictions. My takeaway from reading Katie’s reflection and building on my own is that predictive text may save time sometimes, but these algorithms are not at the level of composing texts on our behalves in our voices. When they are able to read and contextualize our personal digital thumbprint along with what we see and hear in real time and produce relevant predictive texts in our own voices, then we will have shifted into something quite stunning and alarming.

Task 12: Speculative Futures

Good evening, and welcome to Our Nation Tonight. I’m your host Meele Howthorne. This evening we are delighted to talk with guest Sandra Spooner. Sandra is a wife, a mother of two girls, a standup comic, and an actress in well-known and beloved films including Martian Nudist Colony and Post-Post-Modern Anarchy. Earlier this year Sandra received an Academy Award for her brilliant performance in Ants & Mimes.

Following a pair of unorthodox FleePs this summer, Sandra has been under a critical lens in recent weeks when social mediasts accused her of using Intelligent Algorithms to write jokes featured in her latest successful Blow It All Up tour. This became the genesis of the ||Not Funny|| movement and a string of similar accusations against members of the standup community such as Philtrum MacInnis, Eduardo Hammerhands, and ~[Gwelph]~.

Tonight we offer Sandra an opportunity to respond to these attacks and to speak about the impact this recent controversy has had on her personal and professional life. We discuss her thoughts on the ethics of comedians using IA to write material, particularly since IA mimics an author’s tone with great veracity. We examine how forthright society expects comics to be when using Intelligent Algorithms. And we close our conversation reflecting upon the gains and losses of using IA writers and speculating whether it will increase or decline among comics in response to ||Not Funny||. Prepare yourself for a riveting exchange.

As usual throughout the program you may FleeP your questions via transacer to our Yorf: ||OurNationTonight||. We’ll begin our interview after a short break of messages from our sponsors.


After waiting in the university’s Career and Development Centre lobby reading a pamphlet on the Vocation InventoryTM, Theresa welcomes Bernie into her office and closes the door.

“I understand you would like to complete a Vocation Inventory with us today,” Theresa said.

“Yeah uuhhhh,” said Bernie. “Honestly, um, even after being at uni for almost 3 years I didn’t even know you guys existed. But my roommate told me about this place. I’ve been having a hard time deciding on a Focus, so I thought I should come in.”

“Great!” said Theresa. “I’m glad you’re here, Bernie. Before we start the Inventory do you have any questions?”

“Well, yeah, I do. Uhhhmm,” Bernie said. “I mean, like uhhh what exactly is it?”

“Sure, Bernie. The Vocation Inventory is a program that takes data about you, compares it with over 25 million people, and generates a report of the likelihood you will report high job satisfaction in a profession related to a particular Modular Focus at the University. Does that make sense, so far?”

“Uhh. Yeah. I guess,” said Bernie.

“Good,” Theresa said. “Please ask questions as they come up.”

“Ok,” said Bernie. “Thanks.”

“The Inventory only uses the data you consent to share, and the more you share the better its predictions are. We can send it your academic and standardized test records, feedback on every assignment you’ve submitted since childhood, your demographic info, your Focus history, meta-data and engagement reports from your Device’s logs, your public and university library records, your extracurricular activities, public records, medical and mental health history, your Google data report, and of course your Inventory responses. It usually takes about 35-55 minutes to finish the written portion during your visit today. You can complete it on your own Device or we can provide One. Since you are a student the service is free provided you agree to respond to surveys related to job satisfaction in 5, 10, and 20 years. Your responses at those times will assist the Inventory in maintaining relevance and continuing to help others,” Theresa said. “How does that sound so far?”

“Uhhm. Yeah. Pretty good I guess,” Bernie said. “So like when will I get the results?”

“The report will be available during a follow up visit as early as next week and we will discuss it together. One portion of the report many students find most motivating is the personalized list of Modules approved at the University. Basically for your top three highest ranked Modules the Inventory provides a list of readings, videos, and recordings which will satisfy Focus requirements in your studies here and are likely to be of strong interest to you,” Theresa said.

“Oh yeah! Ted told me about his list. It seemed pretty cool,” said Bernie. “Like he loves watching Thomas Perchance and there were a bunch of that guy’s videos on Ted’s list.”

“Exactly, Bernie! That part is always very fun to share. It’s exciting to watching learning light up for people when they are connected to personalized content that is engaging and helps them articulate and achieve their learning goals at the University,” Theresa said. “Do you have more questions, Bernie?”

“Nuh,” Bernie said, “I don’t think so.”

“Great. Then let’s get started!”

Task 11: Algorithms of Predictive Text

Education is not about a bunch of snakes and they don’t have an interview with Rachel during the day.

On its own I enjoy the above text-prompted sentence in its nonsensical grammatical correctness; after all everyone knows that snakes always—without exception—interview with Rachel in the evening. Otherwise how will education or society function? Really.

More important I find this sentence illustrative of the point in this module’s fascinating and thought-provoking podcasts, videos, and readings that algorithms can make or inform widespread decisions which impact people in negative ways and perpetuate discriminatory cycles. Hiring decisions based on responses to mental health questions; parole, sentencing, and recidivism predictions based on reported family crime history and race; policing procedures encouraging questionable workarounds, legalistic summonses quotas, and unequal treatment of comparable crimes; predictive text prompts employing historic gender stereotypes; evaluations of teaching based on subjective expectations of student performance without verifiable justification of the legitimacy or importance of the data, are potent examples.

As a lengthy, relevant aside to the main critique, mostly as timely personal processing, the last example above resonates with me as I serve on the student evaluations of teaching team in the Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology at UBC. Student evaluation of teaching is a very political topic in higher education. Although UBC students may underestimate the weight of evaluations, many people have strong divergent opinions on the subject.

While CTLT promotes, considers, and responds to relevant research on student evaluation in its application of UBC Senate’s policy which states, “as part of a larger strategy to support and foster quality teaching and learning at UBC . . . Student evaluations should be considered as part of an overall teaching evaluation system that includes regular peer review, faculty self-assessment, and other forms of assessment, as appropriate,” many fundamentally disagree with the value placed in evaluations. For example, the UBC Faculty Association holds, “On the matter of student evaluations of teaching (SEoT), our position is clear: we propose that these measures not be used in the summative evaluation of teaching for appointment, reappointment, promotion, and tenure. The invalidity of these instruments has been known for a long time.”

Following a personally rigorous, intense three-week preparation as a member of an understaffed team, after we launched over 65,000 evaluations at UBC campuses last night, by 10 this morning I already had read the following messages from a student:

“I’m not interested in filling these out. Every year I [receive] more than 10 emails to do these. Please remove me from this list so I don’t receive these again.”

and an instructor:

“Why are you still continuing with running this survey which has been totally discredited?

“This is a sad testimony for a university devoted to evidence.”

I expect more to follow.

Although my responsibility is to support the evaluations from a technical perspective and I do not use the data to make administrative decisions, being responsible for reading and responding to such feedback on UBC’s mandated feedback mechanism feels personally disheartening. Even so I understand, as it pertains to large datasets and theories driving decision-making processes, there is a temptation to overvalue and oversimplify the objectivity, neutrality, and significance of a number. While numbers may be pure and neutral, data rarely, if ever, is. Data always has a context; data requires evaluative decisions in its acquisition, preparation, and interpretation. And as Ryan Hamilton argues in How You Decide: The Science of Human Decision Making, humans are susceptible to make decisions based on irrelevant data; we are wired to decide based on some reason—even if 100% irrelevant—rather than to decide without a reason capable of being articulated in mind at all. Therefore, although the examples above may give candid disregard for the impact on the well-intentioned, hard-working persons commissioned to administer the University’s student evaluation of teaching policies, they indicate how some people view student evaluations of teaching at UBC while voicing a legitimate and necessary concern that UBC Senate’s endorsement of students’ elective responses to six Likert scale questions as a useful mechanism to reveal an objective measure of effectiveness of instruction may be like dressing up a far-reaching, in-vogue, hepatoscopic fairy tale as an unadulterated data panacea.

The example sentence above is funny in a Mad Libs®-ian fashion and elusive and incompetent as the fruit of a predictive text generator. But it exemplifies the point that widespread algorithms informing important decisions can cause problems.

How such algorithms will continue to shape reading and writing I do not know. I am thankful that text-related algorithms may reduce the remaining times I will encounter gems such as, “Their is a party nexp Saprturday nite!” However, if it is a race between the Infinite monkey theorem monkey or predictive text algorithms to produce Romeo & Juliet I will bet on the Infinite monkey theorem monkey, albeit a coin toss of equally uninspiring odds. However, might algorithms be capable of upstaging humans in generating shorter propaganda messages such as advertisements? That seems more likely and conceivable with our societal direction.

In the intersection of higher education and the consequences of algorithmic decision making using big data I believe it was the WhatsApp’s predictive text prompt that said it best: Education is not about a bunch of snakes and they don’t have an interview with Rachel during the day. I suppose now each of us can parse what is the interview and the day and who are Rachel and the snakes in that provocative, subversive statement.

Task 9: Network Assignment Using Golden Record Curation Quiz Data

My first question in viewing the network of who chose which pieces is: How does the five most-selected list in our section compare to the other section of this course? I predict Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony, our section’s most picked item, is also high on their list. It appears 11 out of 18 people included it in our section, although I anticipated at least 75% of the class would have chosen Beethoven’s Fifth.

I also notice no one in our section chose “Kinds of Flowers.” This is the only item excluded from the original list. Otherwise the least selected item is the men’s house song; Helen-Marie is the only person choosing it.

Observing that my list includes five of the ten most-selected items in the class, I wonder what the class average of items in the ten most-selected list is. I would also be interested in seeing a graphic of the proportions of geographic representations in our selections. Regarding the modular graphics depicting clusters of similar triads I would also like to see a relationship of dissimilarities between triads.

My modular community includes Inhee Kim and Lesley Hemsworth. Inhee and I share five selections:

• “Tchakrulo”
• “Melancholy Blues” by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven
• Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier
• Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony
• the Peruvian wedding song

Lesley and I also share five:

• “Tchakrulo”
• “Melancholy Blues” by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven
• “Izlel je Delyo Hagdutin” performed by Valya Balkanska
• the Peruvian wedding song
• “Flowing Streams” performed by Kuan P’ing-hu

Lesley and Inhee share four:

• Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto
• “Tchakrulo”
• “Melancholy Blues” by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven
• the Peruvian wedding song

Our module shares three:
• “Tchakrulo”
• “Melancholy Blues” by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven
• the Peruvian wedding song

I would be interested to know what the average number of shared selections is in each triad as well as the average number of shared songs between each diode in the course. I would also be interested to know the highest and lowest numbers of shared selections between all diodes and all possible triads in our section.

I find my module fascinating and illustrative because whereas my method for selection—diversity of culture, historical significance, geography, composers, artists, composition, and instrumentation—was in concert with Lesley’s curation rubric, it was very different from Inhee’s classical-driven list. As Lesley writes, “my personal curated list also tried to capture voices from a variety of time periods and a variety of cultures” and “to use tracks that had recordings of both female and male voices.” And as Inhee writes, “Many of the songs are very European focused, there’s very little diversity in the pieces.”

70% of Inhee’s list is classical; Inhee and I overlap on two of these items and Inhee and Lesley overlap on one of the classical selections. However all three of us overlap in full on the remaining 30% of non-classical music in Inhee’s list. Lesley and I both sought to create a diverse list. She and I ended up with an equal balance of overlapping and non-overlapping content. And despite our different approaches the amount of overlap between Inhee and I is proportionally the same as the amount of overlap between Lesley and I: 50%.

This single example is insufficient to form a functional working theory. However, because of this experience I wonder if this outcome is an unlikely exception or if diversity as an operational selection methodology statistically may be less significant than it seems.

Task 10: Attention Economy

Apparently I’m awesome. Who knew?

It took me about five minutes to make it into the game to start the timer. Once the timer started I got stuck in the link to the Terms & Conditions. The scroll feature was very slow on this page and I scrolled to the bottom before the Accept button became actionable to send me back to the previous page. When I made it back to the previous screen I ended up cancelling to see if this would send me forward. It did not. It sent me back to the welcome screen, and the timer reset when I started again. So making it to screen 2 took about fifteen minutes. Completing the exercise after the clock reset took about ten more minutes. Start to finish the task was about twenty-five minutes.

Proving my humanity was annoying; I attempted over twenty times. The lack of shortcut functionalities such as Tab to move to the next item on the screen and End to move to the end of the Terms & Conditions acceptance page were significantly frustrating. At least Ctrl + A worked when filling out the forms to select all the text and type over it. The most frustrating things to me were the small, slow scroll bar on the Terms & Conditions acceptance page, which had no cancel or back option to my awareness, and the small boxes above the images in section 4.

This illustrative experience was beautiful, interactive, didactic Dadaism. I loved/hated it.

Task 8: Golden Record Curation Assignment

I approached Task 8 with Abby Smith Rumsey’s admonitions from her “Digital Memory: What Can We Afford to Lose?” lecture to consider which resources “we need to be collecting now that will help people in the future understand” our history and that, “We actually don’t know the value of anything until way in the future because its actual meaning is determined by events . . . that we don’t know about.” Accordingly I aimed to narrow the Golden Record collection to ten recordings representing a diverse amalgam of culture, geography, historical significance, artists or composers*, instrumentation, and composition while also approaching the curation of such a list—without knowing who, if anyone, will find the Golden Record(s) or what the lasting value of any of these compositions will be—as analogous to constructing a puzzle with ten thousand pieces without the box.

*Due to these numerous criteria I excluded as an evaluative consideration the diversity of conductors where applicable.

Percussion (2:08) from Senegal contains percussion and perhaps flute. The recording is gender-neutral and represents Africa. This piece provides a composition primarily of rhythm, which aligns with the original curators’ intention of including mathematical music. This may also represent some of the oldest type of human music on earth.

“Tchakrulo” (2:18) symbolizes Western Asia and Eastern Europe. The recording is a capella, polyphonic, and harmonic. The choir sounds male. As a narration of battle preparation this song is a relevant depiction of the ever-present human history of conflict and wars.

“Melancholy Blues” (3:05) by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven is a 20th-century American jazz instrumental. The presentation is a coordinated ensemble of musicians featuring trumpet and including trombone, tuba, drums, clarinet, banjo, and piano. Jazz is one of the most important American contributions to the world of music. Louis Armstrong was an African American from Louisiana, and his second wife was the pianist on this recording.

Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier (4:48) is 18th-century Western Europe classical. Bach is one of the most skilled composers in history. This recording is a piano solo. Bach was a male. The recorded pianist was a male Canadian. Because the full Golden Record contains three Bach pieces it seemed apropos to include Bach in the reduced list.

Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony (7:20) has large historical significance as it contains some of the most known musical bars on earth. It is classical from 19th-century Western Europe. The composition is an exemplar symphony. It is a complex coordination of dozens of musicians. The instrumentation is heavy with strings and brass. Beethoven was male.

“Izlel je Delyo Hagdutin” (4:59) sung by female Valya Balkanska is folk from approximately 18th-century Eastern Europe. The recording is bagpipes and vocals. Although Balkan folk often employs asymmetric meters such as 7/8 and 15/16, I am uncertain of the meter in this particular tune. The lyrics about a Bulgarian rebel highlight the historical significance of millennia of conflict between Islam and Judeo-Christianity.

Panpipes from Solomon Islands (1:12) stands for Oceania. This recording is gender-neutral. It is a simple repetitive composition of pipes.

The Peruvian wedding song (0:38) is a solo female singer without accompaniment. It symbolizes South America. The lyrical content of a woman lamenting marrying too young represents two global human themes: 1-marriage and 2-the different experiences of men and women.

Kuan P’ing-hu’s performance of “Flowing Streams” (7:37) represents Asia. Kuan P’ing-hu was male and a master of a seven-stringed zither called the guqin. The recording is a solo. This is the longest piece on the original list, and given that the Voyagers are so far from earth it seemed fitting to include this piece which represents a long journey.

“Dark Was the Night” (3:15) by Blind Willie Johnson is early 20th-century blues from The South in the United States with electric slide guitar and male vocals. Blind Willie Johnson was an African American man who lost his sight in his youth. Blues is the foundation of rock ‘n’ roll and is historically important as an expression of centuries of racial conflict and oppression.