Introduce these people and how they contributed to the development of artificial intelligence? Create a chart to show the comparison between your work and ChatGPT’s side by side.
(~50 words each)
Below I have created this infographic in Genially.
The white text blocks are the introductions that I have written myself, whereas the black text blocks are written by ChatGPT3.5.
Click on the photos for links to Wikipedia references of each scholar.
The prompt:
Provide a brief introduction of the following people, and provide an account of what they define as intelligence. Shorten each entry to less than 50 words. Alan Turing, John McCarthy, Herbert Simon, Marvin Minsky. Timnit Gebru
How do “machine (programming) languages” differ from human (natural) ones? (~100 words)
I think one main difference between programming and natural languages is the flexibility in which language can be used, and the goals in which the language is used for. With programming languages, it requires more rigid and structured syntax such that the machine can register and follow through with its given tasks. With human languages, there is more space to flaunt and subvert conventions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics to be creative, communicate or express a broad range of emotions.
Machine languages, used in programming, are precise and unambiguous with strict syntax, designed explicitly for computer communication. They lack redundancy and prioritize efficiency. Human languages, on the other hand, are flexible, expressive, and context-dependent. They allow for redundancy, creativity, and adaptation to diverse communication needs, serving purposes beyond information exchange. Learning machine languages is a deliberate process for programmers, ensuring computers understand instructions. In contrast, human languages are acquired naturally, evolving over time for cultural expression, emotional communication, and conveying complex abstract ideas with adaptability and flexibility in mind. -- ChatGPT3.5
How does “machine (artificial) intelligence” differ from the human version? (~100 words)
I believe one main difference between artificial and human intelligence is the way that human intelligence can account for a larger range of contexts and nuance, by taking bodily sensations, emotions, and “intuition” into account. A big topic of discussion during my undergrad cognitive systems courses is also whether or not artificial intelligence has “consciousness” or understand certain “qualia” of experiences, given the often seemingly “behavioristic” measures that we can observe artificial intelligence by.
"Machine (artificial) intelligence" differs from human intelligence in essence and approach. While AI excels in data processing, pattern recognition, and repetitive tasks, it lacks human-like understanding, consciousness, and emotional intelligence. AI operates within defined parameters, lacking the intuitive, contextually nuanced reasoning of human cognition. Human intelligence incorporates emotional, social, and moral dimensions, enabling creativity, empathy, and complex decision-making. AI lacks the innate adaptability, self-awareness, and holistic understanding that characterize human intelligence, which integrates sensory experiences, emotions, and a deep contextual grasp for more nuanced problem-solving and learning. -- ChatGPT3.5
How does “machine learning” differ from human learning?
Human learning in general feels more holistic and can take into consideration past experiences that are unique to each individual, which is a continuation of the previous question on the discussion of “qualia”. This integration of personal narrative can change over time as well, and create novel and serendipitous connections to propel forwards in continuation of learning. I am not sure whether or not machine learning can thread experiences over time to inform its own learning.
"Machine learning" differs from human learning in methodology and depth. While machines excel at processing vast datasets, identifying patterns, and optimizing based on predefined criteria, human learning involves intuition, emotional intelligence, and a deeper contextual understanding. Machines rely on algorithms and statistical models, learning from explicit data inputs, often lacking common-sense reasoning or the ability to grasp abstract concepts effortlessly. Human learning is holistic, integrating sensory, emotional, and social cues, facilitating nuanced decision-making, and adapting to diverse situations. Unlike machines, humans possess innate creativity, curiosity, and the capacity for lifelong learning beyond structured training sets.-- ChatGPT3.5
How do your answers to these questions differ from what a machine could generate? (~200 words)
I found that ChatGPT3.5 responses tend to be more general and overarching in a way that provides an overview of the question in a glance, which I appreciate when it comes to wanting to understand concepts and ideas on a surface level. Sometimes when I read ChatGPT responses, it feels very emotionally “flat” and has a strange “diplomatic” tone that makes the content of the response feel rather sterile and impersonal, but more objective and factual at the same time.
In comparison, my human answer tends to be more focused on a few aspects that delve a little deeper, with anecdotes that refer to my personal experiences. My choice of words to use would feel more or less with usage of words that seem more “alive” and less “uncanny” (I hope!) which makes it is something that ChatGPT3.5 is unable to provide.
References
OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT (Jan 24 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com
Timnit Gebru, (2024, January 16). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timnit_Gebru
Harris, J. (2023, May 22). “There was all sorts of toxic behaviour”: Timnit Gebru on her sacking by Google, AI’s dangers and big tech’s biases The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/may/22/there-was-all-sorts-of-toxic-behaviour-timnit-gebru-on-her-sacking-by-google-ais-dangers-and-big-techs-biases
John McCarthy, (2023, December 05). In Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)
McCarthy, J.(2007, November 12)What is Artificial Intelligence? https://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html
Marvin Minsky, (2024, January 04). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Minsky
Herbert Simon, (2024, January 24). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon
Alan Turing, (2024, January 24). In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing