Animals can be stressed too, and it depends on how humans manage their environment.

 

If the animal’s perception of its environment does not meet the expectations that the animal had of it, then a stress response is triggered leading harmful physiological changes and stereotypies (Wemelsfelder, 1985).

 

 

 

 

 

If you are interested in knowing more about how animals and humans perceive their environment, you can check out the TEDx talk given by Dr. Tim Ingold below: