Positive Reinforcement: 

This can be used when an animal is performing a behavior that is not a stereotypical one, then the animal gets rewarded (Mason et al., 2007).  Downside: Reinforcing another behavior can lead to the development of another stereotypical behavior. Moreover, this method is not solving the direct cause of the unwanted behavior (Mason et al., 2007).

Negative Reinforcement: 

This can be used to punish the animal when the animal is performing the stereotypical behavior (Mason et al., 2007).

 

 

 

 

 

Below is a video illustrating the concept of positive and negative reinforcement:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LseQca92JsE