In an era of internet marketing and technological advances, it seems that the old fashioned way of marketing is slowly being forgotten. But research has shown that despite all the shift towards internet and social media marketing, the word of mouth approach is still extremely effective and often a preferred marketing technique by many consumers. As Mikal E. Belicove has written, many companies are approaching internet marketing with a word of mouth or referral technique in mind, which could make their marketing strategies more effective. And as people refer products and services to others in real life, consumers will be having high expectations towards the product or service referred to them, therefore companies should strive to provide consistently good products and services in order to capitalize on the marketing which is actually being done by its consumers. And as there are various social, cultural and personal factors affecting consumer behavior, companies should also aim to personalize their internet marketing techniques (such as message boards and discussions or though sharing) in order to encourage referrals which will garner them an even larger consumer base.

The famous Nike swoosh and Adidas’ three stripes are synonymous to cool sportswear and lucrative sports sponsorships all around the world. But since the past decade, the famous swoosh and three stripes became famous for a less favorable reputation, which was Sweatshops. This infamous trend was widespread during the beginning of the 20^th century and was widely practiced all over developing countries. Labor was much cheaper in those areas as opposed to most parts of Europe or the USA, which was seen as a golden opportunity to maximize profits as well as expand production. The labour market in Europe and the USA at the time was productive and there was enough supply of labour, but there was one problem, which was the wage rate. Trade unions are powerful organizations in Europe and the USA, and with that create imperfections in the labour market by securing wages for its members above the equilibrium wage rate, which would in turn increase costs for firms. Researchers also showed that although the population growth in Europe was to increase in the next 20 years, there would be a change in the age structure of the population, which was a decline in the younger segment and an increase in the older segment of the working age population. Therefore, with a longer-term decline in the working age population in Europe, an ageing work force and ageing population and increasing elderly dependency ratios combined with a resistance to larger scale immigration, the logical question to ask was if there would be an increase in the demand for labor in Europe?