Data Sources

Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium (2015). BC Annual Average of Daily Maximum Temperature [Data set]. https://canue.ca/data/

Metro Vancouver (2015). 2015 Industrial Land Inventory [Data set]. Metro Vancouver Open Data Catalogue. http://www.metrovancouver.org/data.

University of Toronto (2016). Canadian Census Analyser [Data set]. CHASS Data Centre. https://datacentre-chass-utoronto-ca.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/census/index.html.  

Cooling Centre Locations

City of Burnaby. (2021, August 24). Burnaby opening 4 cooling locations during expected extreme heat. https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/news/2021-08-10/burnaby-opening-4-cooling-locations-during-expected-extreme-heat.

City of Coquitlam. (2021, June 28). Coquitlam opens cooling centres for relief from heat. https://www.coquitlam.ca/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=682.

City of Pitt Meadows. (2021, August 10). Heat Advisory. https://www.pittmeadows.ca/our-community/news/notices/heat-advisory-0.

City of Vancouver. (n.d.) Stay safe in the summer heat. https://vancouver.ca/people-programs/hot-weather.aspx.

Fenton, C., & Nasar, H. M. (2021, July 29). Cooling centres on the Lower Mainland to help people beat the heat. City News. https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2021/07/29/heatwave-bc-cooling-centres/.

Flanagan, C. (2021, July 29). Cooling station to open in Maple Ridge. Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows News. https://www.mapleridgenews.com/news/cooling-station-to-open-in-maple-ridge/.

Fraser Health. (2021, July 29). Lower Mainland Municipal Cooling Centres. https://www.fraserhealth.ca/-/media/Project/FraserHealth/FraserHealth/Health-Topics/Sun-and-heat-safety/210730-Cooling-Centre-v2.pdf?la=en&rev=f71e589384c140ec98b69cd8c0337b58&hash=C916435CB6A2319087C740F0E21297FBB8B1B3CE.

Gyarmati, Sandor. (2021, August 11). Delta trying to get word out about cooling centres. Delta Optimist. https://www.delta-optimist.com/local-news/delta-trying-to-get-word-out-about-cooling-centres-4210014.

Jacques, Ian. (2021, June 25). Delta opens cooling centres during heat wave. Delta Optimist. https://www.delta-optimist.com/local-news/delta-opens-cooling-centres-during-heat-wave-3907295.

Kulkarni, A. (2021, July 30). Some Metro Vancouver cities prepare to open 24-hour cooling centres during heat wave. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/metro-vancouver-24-hour-cooling-centres-1.6124321.

Langley City. (2021, August 10). Plan to stay safe in the heat. https://langleycity.ca/news/plan-stay-safe-heat.

North Vancouver Recreation and Culture. (n.d.) Community Recreation Centres. https://www.nvrc.ca/facilities-fields/community-recreation-centres.

Vancouver Coastal Health. (2021, July 30). Cooling Centres. http://www.vch.ca/public-health/environmental-health-inspections/healthy-built-environment/climate-change/extreme-heat-mockup/cooling-centres.

Township of Langley. (n.d.) Community and Recreation Centres. https://www.tol.ca/recreation-culture/facilities/.

Township of Langley. (n.d.) Libraries. https://www.tol.ca/recreation-culture/arts-culture-and-community-initiatives/libraries/.

West Vancouver. (2021, August 13). Heat warning in effect. Learn about cooling centres. https://westvancouver.ca/news/heat-warning-effect-learn-about-cooling-centres.

Literature Sources

Aslam, S. (2021, September 17). June’s heatwave was the deadliest weather event in Canadian history. CityNews. https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2021/09/17/deadliest-heatwave-bc/.

Buscail, C., Upegui, E., & Viel, J.-F. (2012). Mapping heatwave health risk at the community level for public health action. al. International Journal of Health Geographics, 11(38). http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/11/1/38.

City of Vancouver & Vancouver Park Board. (2018). Urban Forest Strategy: 2018 Update. https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/urban-forest-strategy.pdf.

Gower, S., Mee, C., & Sabanadesan, S. (2011). Access to cooling to protect health during hot weather. Toronto Public Health. http://www.climateontario.ca/doc/ORAC_Products/TPH/Access%20to%20Cooling%20to%20Protect%20Health%20During%20Hot%20Weather.pdf.

Gower, S., Mee., C., & Campbell, M. (2011). Protecting vulnerable people from health impacts of extreme heat. Toronto Public Health. http://www.climateontario.ca/doc/ORAC_Products/TPH/Protecting%20Vulnerable%20People%20from%20Health%20Impacts%20of%20Extreme%20Heat.pdf.

Hajat, S., & Kosatsky, T. (2009) Heat-related mortality: a review and exploration of heterogeneity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 64(9):753-60. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.087999

Ho, H. C., Knudby, A., Walker, B. B., & Henderson, S. B. (2017). Delineation of spatial variability in the temperature–mortality relationship on extremely hot days in Greater Vancouver, Canada. Evironmental Health Perspectives, 125(1), 66-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP224.

Human Rights Watch. (2021, October 5). Canada: Disastrous impact of extreme heat. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/10/05/canada-disastrous-impact-extreme-heat.

Jenkins, K., Hall, J., Glenis, V., Kilsby, C., McCarthy, M., Goodess, C., Smith, D., Malleson, N., & Birkin, M. (2014). Probabilistic spatial risk assessment of heat impacts and adaptations for London. Climatic Change, 2014(124), 105-117. doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1105-4

Johnson, D.P. (2009) Geospatial Technologies for Surveillance of Heat Related Health Disasters. In J.D. Gatrell, R.R. Jensen: Planning and Socioeconomic Applications, pp. 139-154. Springer.

Lu, J. (2019, November 26). Mapping spatial patterns in vulnerability to climate change-related health hazards [PowerPoint slides]. 8th Annual Public Sector Climate Leadership Symposium.

Reid, C. E., O’Neill, M., S., Gronlund, C. J., Brines, S. J., Brown, D. G., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Schwartz, J. (2009) Mapping Community Determinants of Heat Vulnerability. Environmental Health Perspectives 117(11): 1730-1736. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0900683

Rinner, C., Patychuk, D., Bassil, K., Nasr, S., Gower, S., & Campbell, M. (2010). The role of maps in neighborhood-level heat vulnerability assessment for the city of Toronto. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 37(1), 31-44. doi:10.1559/152304010790588089

Rinner, C., Patychuk, D., Briggs, S., Gower, S., Mee, C., Campbell, M., Dow, C., Bassil, K. (2011). Implementation of a map-based heat vulnerability assessment and decision support system: Final project report and map series. Toronto Public Health. http://www.climateontario.ca/doc/ORAC_Products/TPH/implementation_mapping_heat_vulnerability1.pdf.

Yu, J., Castellani, K., Yao, A., Cawley, K., Zhao, X., & Brauer, M. (2020). Mapping spatial patterns in vulnerability to climate change-related health hazards. University of British Columbia. https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/facultyresearchandpublications/52383/items/1.0380851.