{"id":2108,"date":"2013-01-14T20:27:47","date_gmt":"2013-01-15T03:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/?p=2108"},"modified":"2013-01-19T17:04:08","modified_gmt":"2013-01-20T00:04:08","slug":"solving-the-global-food-crisis-new-research-good-reads-and-ann-idrn-video-interview-with-dr-navin-ramankutty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/2013\/01\/14\/solving-the-global-food-crisis-new-research-good-reads-and-ann-idrn-video-interview-with-dr-navin-ramankutty\/","title":{"rendered":"Solving the Global Food Crisis | New research, good reads and an interview with Dr. Navin Ramankutty (video)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In October of last year, the UN <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/global-development\/2012\/oct\/14\/un-global-food-crisis-warning\" target=\"_blank\">warned<\/a>&#8211;ominously&#8211;of a new global food crisis threatening to hit sometime in 2013.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2125\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/advieh-mountain.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2125\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2125\" title=\"food crisis\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/advieh-mountain-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/advieh-mountain-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/advieh-mountain.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2125\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food stocks have been dwindling.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Apparently, 2012&#8217;s record heatwaves and droughts brought crop reserves down to historic lows. While those of us in the global North are largely insulated from the vagaries of these fluctuations, at least 870 million people in the global South remain chronically malnourished, while grain supplies in the politically volatile Middle East and North Africa are precariously diminished.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Click <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/2013\/01\/14\/solving-the-global-food-crisis-new-research-good-reads-and-ann-idrn-video-interview-with-dr-navin-ramankutty\/#ramankuttyvideo\">here<\/a> to jump to our video interview with\u00a0<\/em><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geog.mcgill.ca\/faculty\/ramankutty\/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Navin Ramankutty<\/a>,\u00a0McGill University&#8217;s\u00a0Tier II Canada Research Chair in Land Use and Global Environmental Change. Or keep reading, below.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><!--more--><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 24px;\">Given current trends,\u00a0<\/span>the picture seems unlikely to get any rosier, with no less than 2 billion people projected to suffer from malnourishment by 2050, at which point the planet will be home to 9-10 billion people.<\/p>\n<p>The Guardian&#8217;s Global Development blog\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/environment\/2013\/jan\/13\/global-food-crisis-heatwaves-crops\" target=\"_blank\">reported<\/a> last week on a new\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.met.reading.ac.uk\/~ed\/home\/hawkins_etal_2012_GCB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study<\/a>\u00a0(Hawkins et al., Global Change Biology, <em>in press<\/em>)\u00a0predicting the looming negative impact of record heatwaves and droughts on global food security.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2166\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/agriculture2050-CC.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2166\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2166 \" title=\"agriculture2050 CC\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/agriculture2050-CC-300x239.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/agriculture2050-CC-300x239.gif 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/agriculture2050-CC.gif 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2166\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Projected climate change effects on global agriculture, via the World Bank (2010). (Click to enlarge)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Drawing on historical French maize data, Hawkins et al. find that for every day with temperatures over\u00a032\u25e6C, there have been serious reductions in crop yield. They infer that the only way to mitigate potentially catastrophic shortfalls in coming, hotter years is to somehow boost European yields by no less than 12%, ostensibly through some yet-to-be developed technology.<\/p>\n<p>But while developed nations innovate ways to boost their heavily subsidized, irrigation-and-fertilizer buoyed yields even higher, countries in the South still struggle to achieve even subsistence levels of productivity.\u00a0And these processes are often directly linked.\u00a0In the news just this month:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haitian rice farmers have been <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2013\/01\/11\/subsidizing_starvation?page=0,2\" target=\"_blank\">impoverished<\/a> by US domestic rice subsidies (check out FP&#8217;s striking photo gallery of the Arkansas-Haiti standoff, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2013\/01\/11\/Riceland%20\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Corn-dependent Central America is literally being <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/01\/06\/science\/earth\/in-fields-and-markets-guatemalans-feel-squeeze-of-biofuel-demand.html?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss&amp;_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">starved<\/a> by the price dislocations of US biofuel cultivation (excellent <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/01\/06\/science\/earth\/in-fields-and-markets-guatemalans-feel-squeeze-of-biofuel-demand.html?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss&amp;_r=0\">piece<\/a> by the NYT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Malawi&#8217;s once highly-successful fertilizer-subsidy program has <a href=\"http:\/\/aidthoughts.org\/?p=3602\" target=\"_blank\">unraveled<\/a> in the face of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/africarenewal\/magazine\/january-2013\/what-went-wrong-lessons-malawi%E2%80%99s-food-crisis\" target=\"_blank\">foreign donor flight<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Southern countries are now seriously considering floating, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/global-development\/poverty-matters\/2013\/jan\/05\/marine-agriculture-solution-water-scarcity\" target=\"_blank\">lake-based agriculture<\/a>\u00a0to overcome their dramatic water shortages relative to heavily-irrigated Northern competitors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_2170\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/Slide1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2170\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2170 \" title=\"Slide1\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/Slide1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/Slide1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/Slide1.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2170\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources of waste in the global food system, via FAO (2011). (Click to enlarge)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As if to add insult to injury, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imeche.org\/Libraries\/Reports\/IMechE_Global_Food_Report.sflb.ashx\">recent data<\/a> have emerged suggesting that up to one half<em>\u00a0<\/em>of all food is wasted, globally.\u00a0<em>(<\/em>Yes,\u00a0<strong>one half<\/strong>.)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-align: center;\">In the South, much of this waste is the fault of insufficient infrastructure. In the North, it&#8217;s mostly driven by <\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"http:\/\/bigthink.com\/ideafeed\/to-solve-the-world-food-crisis-stop-wastage\" target=\"_blank\">wasteful consumption practices<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0(read: buying more than you can eat, supermarkets <\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-20968076\">rejecting<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\"> &#8216;ugly&#8217; produce, buffets, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Merely reducing such wastage could, apparently, boost food production by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn23067-time-to-halt-our-massive-waste-of-food--heres-how.html\" target=\"_blank\">60%-100%<\/a>\u00a0(check out <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn23067-time-to-halt-our-massive-waste-of-food--heres-how.html\" target=\"_blank\">this article<\/a> for some innovative ideas on how we can do it).<\/p>\n<p>In the midst of the jarring geographical contrast between the &#8216;wasteful North&#8217; and &#8216;starving South,&#8217; plus the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thecultureist.com\/2013\/01\/11\/bracing-for-a-world-controlled-by-climate-change\/\">wild card of climate change<\/a> looming on our collective horizon, we are also awash with clashing, largely ideological, camps proclaiming they have the one-stop solution to our planet&#8217;s (food) woes: <a href=\"http:\/\/grist.org\/politics\/german-neo-nazis-take-to-organic-farming\/\">organic<\/a> agriculture, <a href=\"http:\/\/grist.org\/food\/yard-times-denvers-super-local-veggie-box\/\">localism<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vancouversun.com\/news\/national\/Canada+Suzuki+sees+nation+facing+apocalyptic+period\/7813425\/story.html\">urban<\/a> agriculture, GM (or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thecultureist.com\/2013\/01\/11\/has-americas-anti-gmo-movement-come-too-late\/\">non-GM<\/a>) agriculture, radical technological innovation (e.g. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/science\/2013\/jan\/05\/the-future-of-food\">test-tube meat<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Yet, despite the warm-fuzzies gained from buying only local, organic food, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v485\/n7397\/full\/nature11069.html\" target=\"_blank\">actual research<\/a>\u00a0has shown that these non-conventional approaches are best suited only for particular niche crops and environments. Neither approach on its own, nor combined, will solve our global food crisis in the coming century.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2174\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/thibert-badami-2011-food-energy-local-organic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2174\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2174 \" title=\"thibert badami 2011 food energy local organic\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/thibert-badami-2011-food-energy-local-organic-300x226.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/thibert-badami-2011-food-energy-local-organic-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/files\/2013\/01\/thibert-badami-2011-food-energy-local-organic.jpg 390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Relative energy inputs required for different meal types, in Montreal, Canada. V=Veg; M=Meat-based; L=Local; I=Internationally sourced; O=Organic; N=Not organic; OS=Out-of-season; NA=North American imported; CN=China imported. Local, out-of-season non-organic vegetarian meals far exceed all other types in energy intensity. Local, organic, meat-based meals are second worst. Via\u00a0Thibert and Badami (2011), Ecol Econ.\u00a0(Click to enlarge)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In fact, recent\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0921800911001972\">research<\/a> shows buying local food that is out of season is perhaps the\u00a0<em>least<\/em> environmentally friendly thing one can do (not to mention the impacts it has on the livelihoods of Southern farmers).<\/p>\n<p>This is why we find McGill professor and Tier II Canada Research Chair Dr. Navin Ramankutty&#8217;s assessment refreshing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geog.mcgill.ca\/~nramankutty\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ramankutty&#8217;s research<\/a>\u00a0suggests that global food productivity can be doubled by making intelligent tweaks on a global scale: increased fertilizer and water applications in Africa and Latin America, and less fertilizer, and perhaps more organic and urban agriculture (for certain crops only) in the global North. Seriously reducing our consumption of meat, he argues, could drastically improve energy efficiency, while making across the board policy efforts to reduce various kinds of waste could free up a huge number of calories for the planet.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"ramankuttyvideo\"><\/a>Here&#8217;s our own exclusive 10-minute interview with Dr. Ramankutty, who sat down with us at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ligi.ubc.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\">Liu Institute for Global Issues<\/a><a name=\"ramankuttyvideo\"><\/a> late last year:<\/p>\n<p>[youtube]http:\/\/youtu.be\/3gKncNSFolc[\/youtube]<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Stay tuned (<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/feed\/\" target=\"_blank\">RSS<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/International-Development-Research-Network-at-UBC\/123465874373301\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/idrnubc\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter<\/a>) for more videos on a range of international development topics this term.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, for more on global food security, check out the following recent pieces:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\" http:\/\/grist.org\/article\/chinas-rising-soybean-consumption-reshaping-western-agriculture\/ \" target=\"_blank\">China&#8217;s rising soybean consumption reshaping western agriculture<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vancouverobserver.com\/blogs\/earthmatters\/let-them-eat-cake-feeding-9-billion-people\" target=\"_blank\">Let them eat cake: feeding 9 billion people<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/grist.org\/food\/thought-for-food-new-think-tank-looks-for-global-solutions-to-our-broken-food-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Thought for food: new think tank looks for global solutions to our broken food system<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2012\/12\/fragile-harvest.html\">Fragile Harvest<\/a> (excellent long piece)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here are some oft-cited recent academic papers on the issue:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Foley et al. (2011) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v478\/n7369\/full\/nature10452.html\" target=\"_blank\">Solutions for a cultivated planet<\/a> in Nature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Lambin and Meyfroidt (2011) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2011\/02\/04\/1100480108\" target=\"_blank\">Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity<\/a> in PNAS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Godfray et al. (2010) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/327\/5967\/812.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Cordell et al. (2009) <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.009\" target=\"_blank\">The story of phosphorus: global food security and food for thought<\/a> in Global Environmental Change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Monfreda et al. (2008) <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2007GB002947\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">Farming the planet: 2. Geographic distribution of crop areas, yields, physiological types, and net primary production in the year 2000<\/a> in Global Biogoechemical Cycles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And for some long-form thoughts on global food security and its ramifications, have a look at:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Duncan Green&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfamblogs.org\/fp2p\/?p=12908\" target=\"_blank\">From Poverty to Power<\/a>, now updated to include a section on the 2008 food price spikes. The new edition was just released by the UN&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wider.unu.edu\/publications\/newsletter\/articles-2012\/en_GB\/11-2012-DG\/\" target=\"_blank\">World Institute for Development Economics<\/a>\u00a0this past fall.\u00a0(<em>IDRN review forthcoming<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Kenyan Harvard professor\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/Calestous\" target=\"_blank\">Calestous Juma<\/a>&#8216;s <a href=\"http:\/\/belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu\/publication\/20504\/new_harvest.html\" target=\"_blank\">The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa<\/a>. Juma focuses on the policy and institutional innovations he sees as crucial to meeting the challenge of African food security in the coming century. The book was released by Oxford University Press in 2011.\u00a0(<em>IDRN review forthcoming<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Follow us! \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/feed\/\" target=\"_blank\">RSS<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/International-Development-Research-Network-at-UBC\/123465874373301\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/idrnubc\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter<\/a><\/p>\n<div><a class=\"twitter-share-button\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share\" data-via=\"idrnubc\">Tweet<\/a><br \/>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\/\/ <![CDATA[\n!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,\"script\",\"twitter-wjs\");\n\/\/ ]]><\/script><\/div>\n<div class=\"fb-like\" data-href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/2013\/01\/14\/solving-the-global-food-crisis-new-research-good-reads-and-ann-idrn-video-interview-with-dr-navin-ramankutty\/\" data-send=\"false\" data-layout=\"button_count\" data-width=\"450\" data-show-faces=\"false\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"fb-send\" data-href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/2013\/01\/14\/solving-the-global-food-crisis-new-research-good-reads-and-ann-idrn-video-interview-with-dr-navin-ramankutty\/\" data-font=\"lucida grande\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In October of last year, the UN warned&#8211;ominously&#8211;of a new global food crisis threatening to hit sometime in 2013. Apparently, 2012&#8217;s record heatwaves and droughts brought crop reserves down to historic lows. While those of us in the global North &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/2013\/01\/14\/solving-the-global-food-crisis-new-research-good-reads-and-ann-idrn-video-interview-with-dr-navin-ramankutty\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2256,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181443,879,614104,2072,48],"tags":[485,7527,647052,647049,680,8872,441426],"class_list":["post-2108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-consumption","category-environment","category-food-security-2","category-interviews","category-video","tag-agriculture","tag-food-security","tag-global-food-crisis","tag-gmo","tag-local","tag-organic","tag-video-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2256"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2108"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2204,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2108\/revisions\/2204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/idrnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}