Some links and references for more information on polar bears. 

 

ACRES. 2006. What’s A Polar Bear Doing in the Tropics? Animal Concerns Research and Educations Society, Singapore.

 

ACRES. 2010. Progressive Zoos. Available at: http://www.acres.org.sg/zooanimalwelfare/progressivezoo.html Accessed April 2, 2012

 

Altman, J. D., 1999. Effects of inedible, manipulable objects on captive bears. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 2(2): 123-132

 

Ames, A. 1994. Object manipulation in captive polar bears. Bears: Their biology and management 9:443-449

 

Assinibione Park Zoo. 2012. International Polar bear conservation center. Available at : http://www.assiniboineparkzoo.ca/attractions/exhibits-info.php?entry_id=14202 Accessed April 2, 2012.

 

AZA Bear TAG 2007. Standardized Animal Care Guidelines for Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus). Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD.

 

Canino, W. and Powell, D. 2010. Formal behavioural evaluation of enrichment programs on a zookeeper’s schedule: a case study with a polar bear at the Bronx zoo. Zoo Biology 23: 503-508

 

Clubb, R. and Mason, G. J. 2007. Natural behavioural biology as a risk factor in carnivore welfare: How analysing species differences could help zoos improve enclosures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102: 303-328

 

Clubb, R. and Mason, G. 2003. Captivity effects on wide ranging carnivores. Nature. 425:473-474

 

Environment Canada. 2012. Conservation of Polar Bears in Canada. Available at:          http://www.ec.gc.ca/nature/default.asp?lang=En&n=A997D1CC-1. Accessed Mar. 18, 2012

 

Greenwald, K. R. and Dabek, L. 2003. Behavioral development of a polar bear cub (ursus maritimus) in captivity. Zoo Biology 22:507-514

 

Hintz, H. F., 2005. Zoo Animals. Encyclopedia of Animal Science. DOI: 10.1081/E-EAS 120019857

 

Kutska, D. 2009. Variation in visitor perceptions of a polar bear enclosure based on the presence of natural vs. un-natural enrichment items. Zoo Biology 28: 292- 306

 

Laidlaw, R. 1997.  Canada’s Forgotten Polar Bears An Examination of Manitoba’s Polar Bear Export Program. Zoocheck Canada, Toronto.

 

 

Laidlaw, R. 2005. A Case Against Polar Bears in Captivity. Zoocheck Canada, Toronto.

 

Mason, G., Clubb, R., Latham, N., & Vickery., S. 2007. Why and how should we use environmental enrichment to tackle stereotypic behaviour? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102: 163-188

 

Polar Bears International. 2012. Care Guidelines for Polar Bears. Available at: http://www.polarbearsinternational.org/research/care-guidelines-for-polar-bears. Accessed Feb. 5, 2012

 

Ross, S. R. 2006. Issues of choice and control in the behaviour of a pair of captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Behavioural Processes 73:117-120

 

The Province of Manitoba. 2011. Manitoba Laws: The Polar Bear Protection Act. Available at: http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/p094e.php.  Accessed Feb. 6, 2012

Wechsler, B. 1992. Stereotypies and attentiveness to novel stimuli: A test in polar bears. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 33: 381-388.