{"id":730,"date":"2012-05-19T06:07:26","date_gmt":"2012-05-19T13:07:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/?p=730"},"modified":"2012-05-19T06:07:26","modified_gmt":"2012-05-19T13:07:26","slug":"shadow-education-in-asia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/2012\/05\/19\/shadow-education-in-asia\/","title":{"rendered":"Shadow Education Private Supplementary Tutoring and Its Implications for Policy Makers in Asia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mark Bray and Chad Lykins have just published the definitive current statement on supplementary education in Asia, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub\/2012\/shadow-education.pdf\">Shadow Education -Private Supplementary Tutoring\u00a0and Its Implications for Policy Makers in Asia<\/a>&#8221; as a book (PDF, available for free) through the Asian Development Bank.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a paragraph from their introduction that offers a flavour of the book:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Private supplementary tutoring is widely known as shadow education,\u00a0since it mimics the mainstream. As the content of mainstream education changes,\u00a0so does the content of the shadow. And as the mainstream grows, so does the\u00a0shadow. This study shows that shadow education has a long history in parts of\u00a0the region, but in recent decades it has greatly expanded. In the Republic of Korea nearly 90% of elementary students receive some sort of shadow education; and\u00a0in Hong Kong, China, about 85% of senior secondary students do so. Figures\u00a0are equally striking in less prosperous parts of the region. In West Bengal, India,\u00a0nearly 60% of primary school students receive private supplementary tutoring;\u00a0and in Kazakhstan a similar proportion of students do so at the senior secondary\u00a0level. Proportions are lower in other countries, but throughout the region the\u00a0shadow is spreading and intensifying. (p. X)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Countries covered in the book include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Georgia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea,\u00a0Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taipei, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam.<\/p>\n<p>The report was released just as co-author Mark Bray was awarded\u00a0was awarded a\u00a0UNESCO Chair\u00a0professorship in Comparative Education. Congratulations on the chair and the publication!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hong Kong Univ scholars Bray and Lykins publish ADB report on supplementary education throughout Asia. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/2012\/05\/19\/shadow-education-in-asia\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6444,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263529,164043,263534,2710,2803,247658,247662,9020],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academic-literature","category-cambodia","category-chad-lykins","category-china","category-hong-kong","category-juku-in-japan","category-mark-bray","category-mongolia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6444"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=730"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":732,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730\/revisions\/732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/jukupedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}