Linking Assignment #1

Chris Rugo’s Task #3 Voice-to-Text

Chris has provided a thorough analysis of the differences between oral and written communication, and the challenges that arise when converting from one to the other. His perspective of voice-to-text is different than mine, so much so that when I consider this technology I find myself looking at it as a teacher of developing readers and writers. I have not necessarily considered the intentionality and conciseness of written text, as characterized by Gnanadesikan (2011, p. 5). My perspective of speech-to-text technology is that provides an alternative means of recording student thoughts and ideas without the hindrance of physical writing or typing skills. This can be especially helpful for students who struggle with fine motor skills or dyslexia. By dictating their ideas instead of writing them, developing writers can focus more on their content and less on the mechanics of writing. Using speech-to-text technology can help young learners to overcome barriers and enable them to more easily and effectively communicate their ideas.

As Chris points out the most common mistakes observed were a lack of proper punctuation, use of tense, and word choice. For developing writers, it is more important to focus on generating ideas and expressing themselves creatively. While the accuracy of mechanics is still important, it should not be the primary focus at this stage of their writing development. Despite speech-to-text flaws, the text might achieve its functional purpose of communication, which Schmand-Besserate (2007) suggests is one of the primary goals of written languages. The ability of young learners to express their ideas and thoughts without being hindered by the mechanics of writing such as spelling, grammar, and punctuation. can help to boost their confidence and encourage them to be more expressive and creative with their writing.

As they progress and become more advanced writers, the importance of accuracy in mechanics increases. At this point, speech-to-text technology can still be helpful, but it should not be relied upon solely as a tool to improve writing skills. Instead, advanced writers should focus on honing their skills in grammar, punctuation, and spelling to ensure that their writing is clear, concise, and effectively communicates their ideas.

References

Ong, W. J. (2002). Chapter 1: The Orality of Language. In Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word (pp. 5-16). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203426258

Schmandt-Besserat, D., & Erard, M. (2007). Origins and forms of writing. In C. Bazerman (Ed.), Handbook of research on writing: History, society, school, individual, text (pp. 7-26). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410616470

Text-to-Speech & Speech-to-Text

You can find the PDF here ETEC 540 Final Project

Reflection

I have been fascinated with incorporating text-to-speech (TTS) and speech-to-text (STT) technology into my classroom to support the students I have with disabilities, English learners, and struggling students. It’s now incorporated into our Learning Management System (LMS), Schoology and the students are showing growth in their learning. This could be attributed to the notion that written languages build upon or enhances oral communication (Ong, 2002, p. 9).

 I have a student with dysgraphia and he uses speech-to-text technology to dictate his written responses to assignments and note-taking. STT technology was especially helpful for him to reduce physical strain and discomfort associated with handwriting or typing. This technology has also levelled the playing field for him by creating equal access and he has developed more confidence in working collaboratively with his peers. His seamless use of speech-to-text technologies has encouraged many of my other students to also use this technology as well. This has helped them stay on task by reducing frustration and allowing them to focus on their ideas rather than their mechanics of writing.

Text-to-speech technology has been beneficial for students with reading difficulties, helping them to access content that they may not have been able to before, and increasing their independence and engagement in the learning process. The use of an immersive reader has increased my students’ completing reading at home, which was not happening at the start of the year. Additionally, text-to-speech technology can be used to support students who struggle with comprehension, especially for a first read. Hearing the text read aloud has helped them to better understand and process the information.

In conclusion, speech-to-text and text-to-speech technologies can be powerful tools for supporting students in the classroom, but it is important to use them judiciously and with awareness of their limitations. By using these technologies in combination with other teaching strategies, I have been able to create a more inclusive and accessible learning environment for all students.

References

Gnanadesikan, A. E. (2009). The First IT Revolution. Wiley-Blackwell eBooks, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304671.ch1

Haug, K. N., & Klein, P. D. (2018). The Effect of Speech-to-Text Technology on Learning a Writing Strategy. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 34(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2017.1326014

Kimmerer, R. W., & Smith, M. G. (2022b). Braiding Sweetgrass for Young Adults: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. Zest Books TM.

Ong, W. J. (2002). Chapter 1: The Orality of Language. In Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word (pp. 5-16). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203426258

Quinlan, T. (2004). Speech Recognition Technology and Students With Writing Difficulties: Improving Fluency. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.96.2.337

Tools for Teachers – Smarter Balanced. (n.d.). https://www.smartertoolsforteachers.org/resource/103

Wood, S. M., Moxley, J. H., Tighe, E. L., & Wagner, R. (2018). Does Use of Text-to-Speech and Related Read-Aloud Tools Improve Reading Comprehension for Students With Reading Disabilities? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 51(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219416688170

Task 8 – Golden Record Curation

These are the ten tracks that I choose for this task. 

  1. Brandenburg Concerto (First Movement)
  2. Johnny B. Goode
  3. Gavotte en rondeaux
  4. Melancholy Blues
  5. Rite of Spring (Sacrificial Dance)
  6. The Well-Tempered Clavier
  7. Fifth Symphony (First Movement)
  8. The Fairie Round
  9. Dark Was the Night
  10. String Quartet No. 13 in B flat

The first thing I did was listen to all 27 tracks all the way through with no other purpose other than listening to music. Next, I read about Voyager’s Golden Record and all the math that was involved with its creation. What I found interesting to learn is that they tried to recruit John Lennon for the curation of the songs, but he wasn’t available, instead, he recommended they used his sound engineer,  Jimmy Iovine. (Ferris, 2017) After much overthinking about the intended message, to communicate a story of our world to extraterrestrials. I decided to listen again and simply choose what I found appealing to my ear. It was an elimination process, eventually settling on the ten tracks listed above.

 

Reference

Ferris, T. (2017, August 20). How the Voyager Golden Record Was Made. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/voyager-golden-record-40th-anniversary-timothy-ferris

Task 6: An Emoji Story

Translating the title and plot of a book into emojis was a creative challenge. 

Did you rely more on syllables, words, ideas, or a combination of all of them?

  • I did not consider syllables because I used the emoji search bar to help me find emojis that might connect. I used a combination of everything, ideas, words, and concepts, although there are only so many emojis available it was difficult to find ones that accurately conveyed the intended meaning, especially for more complex ideas and concepts. 

Did you start with the title? Why? Why not?

  • It just made sense to me to start with the title, it provided a general direction and theme for the selection of emojis for the plot. However, it’s also possible to have approached the task by first summarizing the plot and then selecting emojis that capture the title. 

Did you choose the work based on how easy it would be to visualize? 

  • I choose the work because it was the last book I read for pleasure. The book’s popularity also led to the release of a major motion picture adaptation in 2019 which further raised the book’s profile and brought its message to an even wider audience. I have not seen the movie, but the book was an eye-opener. 

Overall, translating a book’s title and plot into emojis was a creative way to engage with this task, but it also requires careful consideration and creativity to effectively communicate the essence of the work using only a limited set of symbols. In Chapter 4, Bolter (2001), notes that hypermedia designers use images to convey meaning more directly than words alone can do and connects this immediacy to our ‘desire for the natural sign.’ Using only emojis alone, I did not think I was transferring the meaning of the concepts and ideas of my story naturally or directly.  This task challenged me to be creative with the meaning of ideas and concepts. It would have been easier and allowed me to better convey the meaning of the plot. 

References

Bolter, J. D. (2001b). Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print. Routledge.