ETEC 540 Linking Assignment

Link 1

Task 1: What’s in my bag?

Jennifer G.

https://blogs.ubc.ca/jgttetec540/2022/05/28/task-1-whats-in-your-bag/

I wanted to find someone who took a completely different approach to this assignment, and found that with Jennifer’s post. I did not consider doing a ‘digital bag’ (despite it being listed as an option) so I was curious what would motivate someone to select it.

One of the biggest differences that I noticed (other than digital vs analog) was that all of Jennifer’s items were about connecting to shared resources or other people:

  • accessing library books/audiobooks
  • music playlists (although accessed personally, she admitted that the AI technologies would link her to recommendations, which would be based on data collected from all users)
  • An app that collects and organizes texts from complete strangers so that they can enjoy each others’ comments
  • Duties shared with her significant other for the collaborative benefit
  • Connecting with friends and family

Although all of these are intended to be used independently and (likely) bring personal enjoyment to Jennifer, they are all based on collective narratives within her digital communities. On the contrary, in reflection I now find that my items seem to represent a very individualistic view, a ‘be ready for anything’ attitude, and the items are primarily self-serving (even the snacks for my kids were so that I could avoid having to deal with their ‘hanger’).

I do appreciate that we both selected ‘bags’ that we believe represent our full selves. We both identify as English-speakers and cite representation of multiple literacies (health, digital, reading/writing). We both shared things that bring us joy, things we struggle with (I, too, clearly struggle with procrastination), and get a sense of things we like to do. However, by focusing on the digital versus analog, I think more differences between us are highlighted than intended.  Based on her post and pictures, I can surmise that Jennifer likes to read, listen to music, bake, use technology as a way to relax/recharge, stay connected to loved ones, be outside and active (swim, go to the zoo), and gets frequent headaches. Every item listed there would be things I also enjoy doing, but there is very little evidence of these things in my own post.

Link 2

Task 3: Voice to Text

Agnes G.

https://blogs.ubc.ca/etec540ag/2022/06/12/task-3-voice-to-text/

For this link, I wanted to find someone who took a similar approach as I did and wanted to challenge myself to find the differences between our assignments.

Initially, several similarities were obvious. As I dug deeper, I saw differences emerge that likely influenced our experiences.

  • We both used the voice typing tool embedded in Google Docs, although Agnes’s tool stopped twice during her recording and mine did not.
  • We both described a personally significant memory told through a narrative, although Agnes shared an inter-provincial move that happened 10 years ago while I shared a small group event that happened just a few days prior to recording.
  • We both highlighted the challenges of missing punctuation, although Agnes highlighted the challenges for the reader while I noticed it as an inaccurate reproduction of my intended text.
  • We both highlighted the speaker-listener interaction as an important part of our typical conversation experiences, although Agnes considered it from the perspective of non-verbal cues and speaker turn-taking while I acknowledged it as a means to clarify intent (and word choice).
  • We both noticed we had a more conversational approach (somewhat ironic given that we knew it was a monologue), although Agnes felt it was more ‘choppy and monotone’ while mine felt far more casual with verbal stumbling as seen by the repeated words.
  • We both spoke unscripted, although Agnes felt ‘self-conscious’ having work at “a grade 4-5 writing level” associated with a graduate-level assignment, while I attributed my mistakes to declining enunciation and procedural error (e.g., the recorder just didn’t hear me correctly). Perhaps this also explains why Agnes presented her reflection first (almost to ‘hide’ her voice-to-text?) while I posted them in the order of completion.

I could go on, but ultimately I find these differences fascinating. We both did the same assignment, approached it in similar ways, used the same recording tool, and reflected on similar aspects, and yet we were focused on very different things in reflection. This also speaks to the variation in text interpretation. Text itself does not carry meaning; strokes and dots on a page do not tell the story. Instead, it is what the combination of words triggers for the reader (the ‘user’ of the text). This assignment gave us a very unique perspective to be both speaker/writing and reader, and we both concluded that our voice-to-text was not a completely accurate reflection of what we meant to produce.

Link 3

Week 4: Manual Script

Jocelyn F.

https://blogs.ubc.ca/etec540jfung/2022/06/10/4-4-manual-script/

For this assignment, there were two options. Here I wanted to find someone who had taken the other approach; handwritten text rather than potato stamping, which is what I did.

Understandably, our approaches from the start were different. Paper, pen, and ink versus produce, knives, and paint (…ok, and also paper). However, we both chose the approach that felt more relaxing, familiar, and calm. The process allowed our thoughts to slow and we both found joy going through the process. Our own ‘literacies’ were revealed: Jocelyn was clearly comfortable with handwriting, numeracy, using colours as accents and had access to a variety of instruments (pen and markers, is my guess). Jocelyn also seemed to sit quite comfortably with mistakes (“I would simply cross it out and move on, leaning a mark of imperfection behind”) whereas it still bothers me a bit today that those potato-stamp letters were not perfect. We both acknowledged that there was nostalgia associated with the manual process, and that many elements would have been lost in the mechanized form.

I’m curious if Jocelyn’s decision to do handwriting was out of preference or avoidance. Based on the references it seems she values the therapeutic and cognitive benefits of handwriting, whereas – as much as I was happy to do potato printing – my decision had a significant element of choose the path that did NOT involve writing by hand. Ultimately, I do believe we landed at the same conclusion: taking the time to produce non-mechanized work feel luxurious and, when we have the time to do so, are likely to choose to do something like this again soon.

Link 4

Task 7: Mode-Bending

Sam C.

https://blogs.ubc.ca/samcharles5402022s/2022/06/

I was drawn to Sam’s post because it was entirely auditory. His opening line citing his interest in radio made me curious to listen to his ‘redesigned’ task, and I was not disappointed. Sam recognizes that audio-only communications force “the listener to focus in on what you’re trying to say with these words or sound effects” and I found myself captivated with his combination of speech clarity, pauses, and sound effects.

Had Sam taken a different approach, I think we would have missed out on hearing one of his strengths. Not everyone is able to convey the same level of assurance, engagement, and clarity with spoken (and recorded) word. His interest (and talent) regarding radio and recordings shone through and created a very positive experience that felt entirely different from the interactive but still visual-based approach that I took in my multi-modal redesign.

Do we see and hear the world differently based on our interests? So many of the readings in the term have focused on intention and interpretation, and that ‘text’ truly refers to multiple modalities of communication. This reminds me of a thought I frequently had as a kid: when I point at something and say ‘that is blue’ and you agree, we have both learned that the colour we are seeing is blue. But have our eyes decoded ‘blue’ the same way? If we were to swap brains or eyes (but not in a gruesome way), would we still see the same ‘blue’ has we had with the previous combination? I think this is also what Sam was referring to when he said that with audio “the listener in conjuring up an image of what you’re referring to while you speak.” That again speaks to ‘literacies’ of being able to connect what we see with what we hear, and assigning matching meanings to those that we believe are a ‘match.’

Out of curiosity, I went back to Sam’s Task 1 and was surprised with what I saw; it was not at all like I had imagined. Is that lack of synchronization a bad thing, or is it instead honouring the fact that we can only experience the world through our own individual perspective? Ironically, I could still feel myself pulling toward a desire to connect; my first thought as soon as I saw the image was, “yeah, I probably should have pictured that.”

Link 5

Task 8: Golden Record Curation Assignment

Erin D.

https://blogs.ubc.ca/erinduchesneetec540/2022/07/07/task-8-the-golden-record-curation-assignment/

From the moment I read up about all the tasks, I knew that Task 8 was going to be a focus for my linking assignment. Knowing that the results (used for Task 9) would only show connections to identical choices and not provide any intent or meaning behind the decisions, I wanted to explore the different approaches that others took in forming their list.

When I read Erin’s Task 8, I found the approach massively different from my own. Erin took a very purposeful, organized and methodical approach: represent the world by means of including samples from the physical continents and also how music has evolved over time. I found myself wondering why one would take such a calculated approach rather than letting emotions guide you, and I think this represents two very different literacies. (Please note here that I am not applying any kind of hierarchy to these, and I truly believe that these literacies can coexist within people, it just depends on the scenario.)

The first literacy – the approach that Erin took – considered geography, history, and anthropology. Basically, Erin’s list was curated with the guiding question of, ‘what do we need others to know about our world, and how can we represent that with music?’ To me, this aligns with the original intent of the full golden record and is a very pragmatic approach.

The second literacy – the one I took – considered many elements of psychology (e.g., emotion, memory) and sociology. My list was curated with the guiding question of, ‘what should others know about me (about what is important to me) and how does this music relay that?’ To me, this seems far more idealistic.

However, the word ‘idealistic’ refers to the unrealistic desire for perfection, which made me realize there is a third literacy at play here. Are either of us – or any of us – truly qualified to depict music fully representative of the world, or even ourselves? Is striving for the ‘golden’ list achievable, or are we seeing life through utopian blinders? What if aliens are more interested in the people who made the music than the music itself? Were the musicians good people (and what does ‘good’ even mean)? Were the instruments made ethically? What kind of resources were used to create each track in both its analog and digital version(s)? Are the people behind the music production and selection part of the interpretation of what this collection of music is supposed to mean?

Curiously, I’m not sure that I can answer any of these questions. If I ever run into an alien I’ll have to remember to ask them.

Link 6

Task 11: Algorithms of Predictive Text

Mark P.

https://blogs.ubc.ca/etec540mpepe/2022/07/26/11-3-algorithms-of-predictive-text/ and https://twitter.com/MarkMPepe/status/1551612945326436353

Twitter has never been a platform I could connect with. While I have all the required technical components, and an account even, it has never been an app I was interested in using. So when I had the option between micro-blogging on social media or doing ANYTHING else, I chose to avoid the former at all costs. This is why I was once again drawn to someone who had chosen the different path.

Mark’s approach was straightforward: begin the post with the prompts and see where predictive text takes you. He spoke of Reddit (another app I have but rarely open) and I could practically see our observed experiences diverging further and further from each other.

His comment about predictive text existing to “help the user type a bit quicker to send that message out faster” brought our experiences back in parallel, though. The detain/release task, although very different in action, existed on the same premise: leveraging algorithms to present information to help you complete your task faster. Algorithms are known for being speedy and efficient (Neyland, 2019), however, they are not always the most accurate reflection of what we would do/make/choose/say when not limited to the information they present. But would we have been able to access those choices/that information had the algorithm not existed? Therein lies the conundrum.

Getting back to our intent and whether our actions/productions represented our voices and perspectives, I’m not sure that either task resulted in much accuracy. Mark concludes with citing that the value of predictive text when it is designed to ‘aid’ our performance, as Vallor in the Santa Clara University (2018) video puts it, is much higher than when we assign it to “string a set of words to form a coherent thought.” I think this speaks to Vallor’s (Santa Clara University, 2018) other point: we are far from the age where algorithms will match human intelligence, so we should focus on what it can do rather than fearing for what it cannot yet do.

References:

Santa Clara University. (2018). Lessons from the AI Mirror Shannon Vallor [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/40UbpSoYN4k.

ETEC 511 IP3: Algorithms (Option II)

IP3: Algorithms

Option II: Everyday Life

ETEC511 IP3: Algorithms – Option II – Everyday Life by Melissa Santo

References

Franklin, K. (2013, January 3). The best predictor of future behaviour is…past behaviour. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/witness/201301/the-best-predictor-future-behavior-is-past-behavior

Issa T. & Isaias P. (2015). Usability and Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Sustainable Design. London: Springer. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.1007/978-1-4471-6753-2_2

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Dictionary. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.merriam-webster.com/ [Various pages used; see slides for specific pages.]

Neyland, D. (2019). Chapter 1 Introduction: Everyday life and the algorithm. In The everyday life of an algorithm (pp.1-20). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00578-8

Vallor, S. (2018, November 6). Lessons from the AI Mirror Dr. Shannon Vallor via Santa Clara University [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40UbpSoYN4k

Woolgar, S. (1990). Configuring the user: the case of usability trials. The Sociological Review, 38 (1_suppl), 58-99. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1990.tb03349.x

 

ETEC 511 IP5: Global Health

Introduction

By way of the COVID-19 pandemic, global health has dictated when, where, and how people work and learn. Educational technologies tools quickly leaned upon for maintaining a sense of normalcy in an otherwise chaotic existence. In the span of only a few months, 50% of in-person training in North America was cancelled while 100% were cancelled in some parts of Europe and Asia (Kshirsagar et al., 2020). Even after front-line workers returned to in-person work, 40% of Canadians remained working from home (Mehdi & Morissette, 2021). Online video conferencing platforms were used to maintain connections between students and employees alike and Zoom saw its worldwide webinar minutes jump from 3 billion to 45 billion in span of 6 months (Dean, 2022).

As responsible as COVID-19 is for ‘revolutionizing’ schools and workplaces and expediting access to remote options (Robinson, 2022), evidence already existed showing the interconnectedness between technology and global health:

“The rapid increase in speed of travel and communication, as well as the economic interdependency of all nations, has led to a new level and speed of global interconnectedness or globalisation, which is a force in shaping the health of populations around the world” (Koplan et al., 2009, p. 1994).

However, the pandemic also highlighted key characteristics for global health: transcending national boarders, global cooperation, and valuing interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary teams (Koplan et al., 2009). In these ways, global health is, and will continue to, influence how we use learning technologies.

Transcending National Boarders

Suddenly, the ‘entire world’ (or how it was made to seem) was working and learning online. This reminded all global inhabitants of our interconnectedness, not just by being human but also through the physical internet cables running across ocean floors (Hammel & Yurshansky, 2016). Our shared global health experiences were driving the requirement of new knowledge, as digital upskilling and reskilling emerged as the most pressing learning concerns in workplaces around the world (OECD, 2020).

While the global health situation dictated skill development, skill development in turn supports global health. Skill diversification can improve health outcomes, life expectancy, child vaccination rates, and overall well-being (Raghupathi & Raghupathi, 2020). Building digital skills also promotes lifelong learning, thus increasing skills for employment, continued education, and global citizenship (COVIDEA, 2020).

However, it is important to note that some aspects of technology do not transcend national boarders. Using eLearning sector data, 70% of eLearning activity takes place in North America and Europe (Khan, 2022). Only one-tenth of workers in India can work remotely, compared to 40% of workers in advanced economic countries (Rajadhyaksha, 2021). Similarly, in developing countries, investments in technology often go unused because teachers are not provided with digital training to operate them (Dercon, 2019). In order for learning technologies to integrate more solidly with the skills-lead-to-improved-health-outcomes approach, the approach much be two-fold: provide the hardware, and also promote the “system-wide connections enabled by digital technology” (Dercon, 2019, para. 4).

Global Cooperation

Technology is also connected to global health as we consider the “well-being of both people and planet” (course notes, module 5). As learning technology around the world increased, air quality also increased (Venter et al., 2020). Moving to digital communications instead of international travel once again showed us that major issues transcend borders but that many solutions to current health issues require global cooperation.

Technology was also used to provide ‘telehealth’ options. Virtual connections to hospitals and doctors yielded a 75% satisfaction rate among telehealth patients, and telehealth usage was 38-times higher than pre-pandemic rates (Bestsennyy et al., 2021). As people were forced to use these technologies to learn and communicate about their health, attitudes toward the technology improved, making it far more likely to continue as an option.

Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Teams

In a 2022 Workplace Learning Report, learning and development professionals cited becoming more cross-functional with teams like diversity, equity and inclusion, and people analytics (LinkedIn, 2022). Analytics, particularly, represents the value of interdisciplinary work, and both predictive and advanced analytics can help learning via technologies become more engaging, quantifiable, and transformational (LinkedIn, 2022). The value of using data in educational technologies echoes the importance of data for global health, as witnessed through dedicated COVID-19 pandemic data sites (Ritchie et al., 2020).

Conclusion

When considering the aspects of transcending national borders, fostering global cooperation, and encouraging interdisciplinary teams, there are many parallels between global health and technology. These two realms have been feeding into each other for the duration of the recent pandemic, only for both to emerge even more dependent on each other. It will be impossible to see technology try to extricate itself from the impact it has on global health, and the opposite is also true. Of the many lessons learned during this pandemic, one that will not be soon forgotten is that of the interconnectedness of global health and educational technologies.

References

Bestsennyy, O., Gilbert, G., Harris, A., & Rost, J. (2021, July 9). Telehealth: A quarter-trillion-dollar post-COVID-19 reality? McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/telehealth-a-quarter-trillion-dollar-post-covid-19-reality

COVID EDUCATION ALLIANCE (COVIDEA). (2020 October). Adapting education systems to a fast changing and increasingly digital world through the use of appropriate technologies: A Primer. Foundation for Global Governance and Sustainability (FOGGS). https://www.foggs.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/COVIDEA-Primer_FINAL_October2020-2.pdf

Dean, B. (2022, January 6). Zoom user stats: How many people use Zoom in 2022? Backlinko. https://backlinko.com/zoom-users

Dercon, S. (2019, May 31). Is technology key to improving global health and education, or just an expensive distraction? World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/technology-health-education-developing-countries/

Hammel, N. & Yurshansky, L. (Nat and Friends). (2016, December 16). A journey to the bottom of the internet [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9R4tznCNB0

Khan, M. J. (2022, January 20). Facts and stats that reveal the power of the eLearning sector. eLearning Industry. https://elearningindustry.com/facts-and-stats-that-reveal-the-power-of-the-elearning-sector

Koplan, J. P., Bond, T. C., Merson, M. H., Reddy, K. S., Rodriguez, M. H., Sewankambo, N. K., & Wasserheit, J. N. (2009). Towards a common definition of global health. The Lancet, 373(9679), pp. 1993-1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60332-9a

Kshirsagar, A., Mansour, T., McNally, L., & Metakis, M. (2020, March 17). Adapting workplace learning in the time of coronavirus. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/adapting-workplace-learning-in-the-time-of-coronavirus

LinkedIn Learning. (2022). 2022 workplace learning report: The transformation of L&D. https://learning.linkedin.com/resources/workplace-learning-report#2 and https://learning.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/learning/en-us/pdfs/workplace-learning-report/LinkedIn-Learning_Workplace-Learning-Report-2022-EN.pdf

Mehdi, T. & Morissette, R. (2021, October 27). Working from home in Canada: What have we learned so far? Statistics Canada. https://doi.org/10.25318/36280001202101000001-eng

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020, July 24). The potential of online learning for adults: Early lessons from the COVID-19 crisis. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/the-potential-of-online-learning-for-adults-early-lessons-from-the-covid-19-crisis-ee040002/

Picheta, R. (2020, April 9). People in India can see the Himalayas for the first time in ‘decades,’ as the lockdown eases air pollution. CNN Travel. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/himalayas-visible-lockdown-india-scli-intl/index.html

Raghupathi, V. & Raghupathi, W. (2020). The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995-2015. Arch Public Health, 78(20). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5

Rajadhyaksha, N. (2021, May 5). The new Zoom economy: Who can adjust to it and who cannot? Mint. https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/the-new-zoom-economy-who-can-adjust-to-it-and-who-cannot-11620153630824.html

Ritchie, H., Mathieu, E., Rodés-Guirao, L., Appel, C., Giattino, C., Ortiz-Ospina, E., Hasell, J., Macdonald, B., Beltekian, D. & Roser, M. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). OurWorldInData.org. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus

Robinson, B. (2022, February 1). Remote work is here to stay and will increase into 2023, experts say. Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrobinson/2022/02/01/remote-work-is-here-to-stay-and-will-increase-into-2023-experts-say/?sh=6a3e6ce920a6

Venter, Z. S., Aunan, K., Chowdhury, S., & Lelieveld, J. (2020). COVID-19 lockdowns cause global air pollution declines. PNAS, 117(32). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006853117

ETEC 511 Project Retrospective

Project

Canadian Curriculum Corner (Danika, Nicki, & Melissa)

Project Design/Development

We first considered our interests/professional audiences:  K-12 teachers, post-secondary students, and adults. BC’s curriculum had recently been updated, and their new approach appealed to us on all fronts. We realized that curriculum was mostly presented as massive, text-based PDFs. Even teachers who knew what to look for had a hard time finding the information quickly, let alone parents wanting to support their students, college/university administrators trying to support incoming students, or the eager K-12 student curious to investigate their learning objectives (I’m sure they exist…somewhere). Additionally, the inconsistencies between provinces and territories was dizzying; we determined that provincial and territorial curriculum differences should be honoured, but it would be nice to have one place to check their differences and similarities. Also, wouldn’t it be nice if people got excited to read curriculum?!

We kept reminding ourselves of Issa & Isaias’s (2015) usability criteria, particularly section 2.4.2, and let this guide us. We asked ourselves questions like, “how are the current formats low in usability criteria, and in what ways can we improve user experience?” In order to answer that for our users, we defined them: teachers obviously needed access to curriculum, and likely at the deepest level of detail; parents would want a high-level summary, perhaps with some connection to future skills; and students would want to know why they should care. We discussed the differences between our audiences and determined that a website was best to present this tool.

After collaborating on the proposal, we divided the work based on our interests and skills. I took on the provincial and territorial website reviews, citing usability elements. The diverse range was fascinating, especially as an ‘outsider’ (aka, not K-12 teacher) trying to access and understand the curriculum. This provided insight from a usability perspective and determined the importance of creating a website with targeted audience information, clear navigation, and engaging design. While assessing websites, my notes naturally fell into four of Issa & Isaias’s (2015) usability criteria: learnability (could I find what I was looking for?), flexibility (could I access the information a few different ways?), efficiency (how many clicks did it take me to get there?), and satisfaction (did I enjoy the website?). From here, the comparison chart was born. Additionally, I researched website best practices, particularly around usability. Next, I started drafting the website figuring out how best to present our information. This took some trial and error but, again, our own trials provided valuable information.

Our process and product went well. I wish we’d had more time, or energy (or both), to work on this, as it was a slow realization of how massive this was. We trimmed content and pivoted a few times, but are quite happy with how it came together. After listening to other groups, I wish we had presented it to some teachers, parents, and students to gather their feedback. Feedback gathered after the fact has been good so far, though: “this is really easy to navigate. Looks good.”

ETEC 511 IP6: Sustainability

(Tip: make the Genially full screen by clicking the two opposing arrows in the bottom right corner. There will be a button in the same spot to shrink it back down when you’re done.)

 

References

Abbott, T. (2022, April 25). How much data does a Zoom meeting use? Reviews.org. https://www.reviews.org/internet-service/how-much-data-does-zoom-use/

Bartel, A. P., & Sicherman, N. (1993). Technological Change and Retirement Decisions of Older Workers. Journal of Labor Economics, 11(1), pp. 162–183. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2535188

Benefits Canada. (2022, March 10). 80% of U.S. workers experiencing ‘Zoom fatigue:’ survey. https://www.benefitscanada.com/benefits/health-wellness/80-of-u-s-workers-experiencing-zoom-fatigue-survey/

Dean, B. (2022, January 6). Zoom user stats: How many people use Zoom in 2022? Backlinko. https://backlinko.com/zoom-users

Forrester. (2022, February). The total economic impact of Zoom’s unified communications platform. https://explore.zoom.us/media/zoom-ucaas-total-economic-impact-2022.pdf

Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison. D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 6, 1524-1541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524

Harter, J. & Mann, A. (2017, April 12). The right culture: Not just about employee satisfaction. Gallup.  https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236366/right-culture-not-employee-satisfaction.aspx

McLeod, S. (updated 2022, April 4). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html

Morgan, J. (2022, June 3). How much time do you spend in virtual meetings? LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-much-time-do-you-spend-virtual-meetings-jacob-morgan/

Obringer, R., Rachunok, B., Maia-Silva, D. M., Arbabzadeh, M., Nateghi, R.,  & Madani, K. (2021). The overlooked environmental footprint of increasing Internet use. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105389

Perna, M. C. (2022, February 1). Why it’s time to shatter the Zoom ceiling and embrace remote work. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/markcperna/2022/02/01/why-its-time-to-shatter-the-zoom-ceiling-and-embrace-remote-work/?sh=35fd66006927

Rajadhyaksha, N. (2021, May 5). The new Zoom economy: Who can adjust to it and who cannot? Mint. https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/the-new-zoom-economy-who-can-adjust-to-it-and-who-cannot-11620153630824.html

Ramachandran, V. (2021, February 23). Stanford researchers identify four causes for ‘Zoom fatigue’ and their simple fixes. Stanford News. https://news.stanford.edu/2021/02/23/four-causes-zoom-fatigue-solutions/

Ranger, S. (2022, August 9). Malcolm Gladwell says working from home is ‘not in your best interests.’ The reality is much more complicated. ZDNet. https://www.zdnet.com/article/malcom-gladwell-says-working-from-home-is-not-in-your-best-interests-its-much-more-complicated-than-that/

Robinson, B. (2021, October 15). Remote workers report negative mental health impacts, new study finds. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrobinson/2021/10/15/remote-workers-report-negative-mental-health-impacts-new-study-finds/?sh=3eed3cdb74b8

Sklar, J. (2020, April 24). ‘Zoom fatigue’ is taxing the brain. Here’s why that happens. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/coronavirus-zoom-fatigue-is-taxing-the-brain-here-is-why-that-happens

Tu , M. & Li, M. (2021, May 12). What great mentorship looks like in a hybrid workplace. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-great-mentorship-looks-like-in-a-hybrid-workplace

Venter, Z. S., Aunan, K., Chowdhury, S., & Lelieveld, J. (2020, July 28). COVID-19 lockdowns cause global air pollution declines. PNAS, 117 (32), pp. 18984-18990. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006853117

Wilson, J. (2021, April 22). Is Zoom fatigue worse for women? Canadian HRReporter. https://www.hrreporter.com/focus-areas/wellness-mental-health/is-zoom-fatigue-worse-for-women/355238

Wolf, C. R. (2020, May 14). Virtual platforms are helpful tools but can add to our stress. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-desk-the-mental-health-lawyer/202005/virtual-platforms-are-helpful-tools-can-add-our-stress

Yashiro, N. , Kyyra, T., Hwang, H., & Tuomala, J. (2021, October). Technology, labour market institutions and early retirement. Economic Policy. https://www.economic-policy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/9104_Yashiro_etal.pdf

 

ETEC 540 Final Assignment: Describing Communication Technologies

For my final assignment, I wanted to explore how technology has, is, and will continue to influence the way we communicate our abilities and competencies. From the first hand-written resume in the late 1400s to the current trend to go multi-modal, technology has influenced and altered not only how a resume looks but also how it functions, and they will continue to evolve together. Enjoy!

(For access to the PDF version, please go to https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I6mj-dRomsLbjrlMCxs5zIVPmJrcPFkc/view?usp=sharing).

ETEC540 Final Assignment: Resume by Melissa Santo

References

Abulencia, C. (2021, October 13). Why is education important and how does it affect one’s future? World Vision. https://www.worldvision.ca/stories/education/why-is-education-important

Apollo Technical. (2021, May 6). The history of the resume and its future. https://www.apollotechnical.com/history-of-the-resume-and-its-future/

Atkinson, R. (2019, June 22). 5 ways technology has changed recruitment. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-ways-technology-has-changed-recruitment-ryan-atkinson/

Black, D. (2021, August 13). The role of education in driving the future of work. Education Technology. https://edtechnology.co.uk/comments/role-education-driving-future-of-work/

Bogush, P. (2022, April 9). How has technology changed the hiring process. Business Tech Weekly. https://www.businesstechweekly.com/hr-and-recruitment/technology-hiring-process/

Decius, J., Schaper, N., & Seifert, A. (2019). Informal workplace learning: Development and validation of a measure. Human Resource Development Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21368

Eagle. (~2014). Tradition is dead: The evolution of the resume. https://www.eagleonline.com/blog/2014/06/tradition-is-dead-the-evolution-of-the-resume?source=google.com

Gruzd, A., Dubois, E., & Jacobson, J. (2020, July 8). Companies are increasingly turning to social media to screen potential employees. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/companies-are-increasingly-turning-to-social-media-to-screen-potential-employees-141926

Hernandez, J. (2013, July 9). How has resume writing changed in the last 10 years? Great Resumes Fast. https://greatresumesfast.com/blog/how-has-resume-writing-changed-in-the-last-10-years/

Hernandez, J. (2022, January 6). What your resume should look like in 2022. Great Resumes Fast. https://greatresumesfast.com/blog/what-your-resume-should-look-like-in-2022/

Indeed Editorial Team. (2022, June 19). Types of workplace training programs and their benefits. Indeed. https://ca.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/types-of-workplace-training

Johnson, J. (2021, November 22). 6 ways resumes have changed throughout the years. Association for Talent Development. https://www.td.org/blog/6-ways-resumes-have-changed-throughout-the-years

LinkedIn Learning. (2022). 2022 workplace learning report: The transformation of L&D. https://learning.linkedin.com/resources/workplace-learning-report#2 (full report available here: https://learning.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/learning/en-us/pdfs/workplace-learning-report/LinkedIn-Learning_Workplace-Learning-Report-2022-EN.pdf)

Skillroads. (n.d.). The Evolution of a Resume (Infographic). Skillroads Blog. Retrieved August 9, 2022, from https://skillroads.com/blog/resume-evolution

Talent Intelligence. (2021, May 10). How tech is changing the hiring process in 2021 and beyond. https://www.talentintelligence.com/how-tech-is-changing-the-hiring-process-in-2021-and-beyond/

Tarpey, M. (2018, August 9). Not getting job offers? Your social media could be the reason. Career Builder. https://www.careerbuilder.com/advice/not-getting-job-offers-your-social-media-could-be-the-reason

Zaphir, L. (2019, June 16). What’s the point of education? It’s no longer just about getting a job. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/whats-the-point-of-education-its-no-longer-just-about-getting-a-job-117897

 

ETEC 540 Task 9: Network Assignment Golden Record Curation Quiz Data

 

Neuroscience, the scientific study of how our brains work, has shown us that our brains function and communicate with the rest of our body through neural connections, thus resulting in thoughts, emotions, actions, and reactions (Psychology Today, n.d.). It has shown us that we are, quite literally, hard-wired to find connections with each other without needing extrinsic motivation to do so (Cook, 2013). I think this explains my initial reaction to viewing the above graph: the first thing I wanted to do was to see who had picked the same songs as me.

In a similar vein, this also explains most peoples’ reactions to search engine algorithms. Most people do not sit and wonder how their brain carries messages back and forth, considering how their fingers know which keystrokes to perform, just as most people don’t wonder how Google yields the search results it does. However, as we have seen throughout the course, the meaning of the connection is important, and yet it is often unknown (or unconfirmed) unless we actively pursue it.

It is clear that these connections between selected songs and curators do not explain their motivation or reasoning for why they did (or didn’t) select a track. And yet, the connection that I feel when I see that several others also selected Mozart’s Queen of the Night Aria from The Magic Flute does not need to be correct for me to feel it, or create it in my mind: we made the same selection, therefore the weight of our link between us as human nodes increases, ever so slightly. And since our brains are wired to seek out these social links (Cook, 2013), we then project the internet as a social being and assign the links as a way of feeling connected with others. This can clearly turn sour, not just in what we are steered to see by algorithms (seeing the same or similar things over…and over…and over again) but also in the biases contained in the algorithms themselves (Vallor, 2018).

As much as we think this graph tells us, it is also evident by the line of questioning in the assignment description that there is a lot that it does not tell us:

  • Is the visualization able to capture the reasons behind the choices? No
  • Does it reflect the choices we did not make? No
  • Do the connections and communities exist due to profound similarities in political views, occupation, or preferred social activities? No, it only exists because people clicked on the same response on the quiz.

This assignment reminded me that a) we automatically seek connections, as social beings; b) those connections sometimes don’t matter beyond a sense or feeling of similarity, and c) knowing about a and b can make us more alert to consider the connections the web presents to us and whether we actually see the connections we think we are seeing.

References

Cooke, G. (2013, October 22). Why we are wired to connect. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-we-are-wired-to-connect/

Course Notes, Module 9.1 page. https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/96891/pages/9-dot-1-what-is-the-web-and-what-is-not?module_item_id=4377874

Psychology Today. (n.d.). What is neuroscience? Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/basics/neuroscience

Santa Clara University. (2018). Lessons from the AI Mirror Shannon Vallor. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40UbpSoYN4k

ETEC 540 Task 11: Detain/Release

The purpose of this task was to consider the implications and consequences of AI-informed decision-making. Through the Detain/Release simulation, I was tasked with assuming the role of juror to decide whether defendants pending trial would be detained or released. The following information was available to aid my decisions:

  • an assessment, resulting in low/medium/high ratings, on each defendant on their likelihood to:
    • fail to appear,
    • commit a crime,
    • commit a violent crime;
  • a recommendation from the prosecution;
  • a statement from the defendant.

After undertaking this simulation twice, I ‘failed’ both times. Either the jail capacity was reached or the community fear, triggered by additional crimes supposedly committed by those released, surpassed a threshold and created mass panic. And both times, I, as the juror making the decisions, took the blame.

Dr. O’Neil (2016) explains that algorithms are based on two main things (and lots of little things:

  • the data used to train the algorithm;
  • the definition of success.

In the Detain/Release simulation, it was unclear to me what the data that trained the algorithm was and how the algorithm was concluding with its low, medium and high-risk assessments. Despite this, I did notice myself using it to guide my decisions, particularly because they seemed to align with the prosecutor’s recommendation of whether to detain (medium/high risks) or release (low risks). It also felt bad when I’d made the ‘wrong’ decision, as evidenced when reoffences occurred. Here, it seems as though ‘success’ was defined as: detain as many people as possible without overfilling the jail to prevent repeat offences. While that logically sort of makes sense, it is also an indication that this is a ‘Weapon of Math Destruction,’ or WMD (O’Neil, 2016).

O’Neil (2016) goes on to explain that a WMD is particularly nefarious when three characteristics exist:

  • it is widespread, meaning it impacts a large group of people;
  • it is mysterious, meaning one cannot see or understand the algorithm (and thus hiding the biases ingrained);
  • it is destructive, meaning it unfairly ruins peoples’ lives and often makes the problem it set out to solve worse.

Based on the above, the AI algorithm used in the Detain/Release simulation seems to adhere to all three characteristics.

So what are the implications and complications of AI-informed decision-making? As Dr. Vallor (2018) explains, AI algorithms can serve as accelerants to amplify risks already existing within our society. Many of the defendants had statements citing their innocence, lack of evidence, their need to work and/or be with their family, or the financial limitations inflicted through detainment that would directly impact their ability to defend themselves. Of course, a judge cannot assume that every defendant is telling the truth, or that their truth is the reason why they will not commit another crime, and thus the decision must be made on the combination of factors, and there is a sense of relief when one can claim they are relying on ‘data.’ But that doesn’t mean we can ignore the pain and harm inflicted on these people, or their victims, or society. We can acknowledge that AI in this case serves as a mirror reflecting human bias (Vallor, 2018), and the systems reliant on those biased choices, like a judge deciding who gets detained or released) are broken. AI-informed decision-making should not be seen as a perfect or ideal solution. However, it is promising that there are researchers, like O’Neil (2017) and Vallor (2018), who do recognize that AI, when used for good and monitored for unintentional (and intentional) problems, can be used to help make our society better.

References

O’Neil, C. (2017, July 16). How can we stop algorithms telling lies? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/16/how-can-we-stop-algorithms-telling-lies

Santa Clara University. (2018, November 6). Lessons from the AI Mirror Dr. Shannon Vallor [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40UbpSoYN4k

Talks at Google. (2016, November 2). Weapons of math destruction: Cathy O’Neil [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQHs8SA1qpk&list=PLUp6-eX_3Y4iHYSm8GV0LgmN0-SldT4U8

 

ETEC 540 Task 8: Golden Record Curation Assignment

In this challenge, we have been tasked with reviewing the 27 tracks included on the Golden Record (sent to space on the Voyager) and curate it down to just 10 tracks.

Given the flexibility to determine the parameters and criteria used to select the 10 tracks, my approach was to “read the same map in a different way” (course notes, module 8.1). I do not feel qualified to speak on behalf of others, or global society as a whole, and identify which 10 are the most representative of Earth. However, as one person living on Earth, and being an expert of myself, I decided to compile the 10 songs that I found to be most meaningful; the songs that managed to evoke a memory, feeling, or aspect that I believe is critical to my experiences of being human. Another way of saying it would be that these tracks relate to my own ‘long-term value’ (Smith Rumsey, 1999) of keeping these memories and feelings close as I continue through my own personal human existence.

  1. Wedding Song – Peru: a beautiful, simple piece with a single voice reminded me that one voice can be so impactful given its use and timing.
  2. Ugam – Azerbaijan bagpipes: there is a constant, unwavering undertone that adds stability and depth to the music, grounding the moving notes and exploring various intervals being played in the higher register. To me, this also evokes a sense of sadness but also knowing that the sadness will eventually pass, and I find both beauty and comfort in that.
  3. Mozart – Queen of the Night (from The Magic Flute) – Eda Moser: The first opera my parents took me to was The Magic Flute. From that moment on, I spent my operatic adventures wondering why none of the others could be as engaging as The Magic Flute. To me, this is the most recognizable song from the opera, and I recall playing it over and over again trying to hit the notes just like the singer did on the track (whether it was Eda Moser or another talented singer, I can’t recall). This song now has an added layer of joy as The Magic Flute was the first opera that my parents took my own children to see…and when they get control over our music selection, this is one of their go-tos.
  4. Melancholy Blue – Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven: I used to play in a jazz band in high school and love the Fitzgerald & Armstrong era. Also, thanks to a History of Jazz class I took in undergrad, I know how influential Armstrong’s work was to the jazz and blues scenes.
  5. Johnny B Goode – Chuck Berry: this is just such a happy and upbeat song that I can’t help but want to move, tap my toes (or jump/jive if I’m feeling particularly zesty), and sing along.
  6. Jaat Kahan Ho – India – Surshri: wow, although this was my first time listening to this song specifically, I love the feeling of ‘tension and release’ that this piece evokes with its tones, slides, and creative use of sound vs space.
  7. Iziel je Delvo Hagdutin – Bulgaria: This song reminded me of an album (Bulgarian folk/field singers) that quickly became a favourite in my childhood/adolescence. similar to the Azerbijan bagpipes it has an unwavering anchoring tone, and then those vocals come in and just blast the sound; there is something amazing about the interplay of these tones that is just so powerful, both physically and emotionally.
  8. Dark Was the Night – Blind Willie Johnson: this is a solid blues/gospel-blues track that is in no rush, evidence that it can sometimes take time to convey that kind of emotion through music.
  9. Bach – Brandenburg no.2: there is something about this song that reminds me of the carefree feeling I had as a young child in ballet class!
  10. Cranes in their Nest – Japan: to be honest, this one surprised me, but I appreciated how it made me stop, listen, and pay attention to really hear what was happening. The notes and playing style also made it easy for me to recall what cranes look like, and to imagine them being in their nest.

References

Brown University. (2017). Abby Smith Rumsey: “Digital Memory: What Can We Afford to Lose?” [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBrahqg9ZMc&t=262s

ETEC 540 Task 10: Attention Economy

Woohoo! I made it through User Inyerface!

From the moment of ‘go’ – or should I say ‘NO’ – this felt like I was pulled into an ‘opposite day’ without being made aware of it. The first page used a series of fonts, shapes, and colours deceptively designed to make it take longer than necessary to click ‘HERE’ to continue…although I think by that point I was already clicking every word that I’m not entirely confident that was the one that moved things along.

On the next page, the Terms & Conditions box appeared. I try to make a habit of reading the Terms & Conditions before agreeing to them, and this was one situation where I deeply regretted it. The scrolling feature to get to the bottom of the Terms & Conditions was SSSLLLLLOOOOOWWWWW, and of course, one couldn’t continue before reaching the bottom. All the while, pop ups served as distractions, asking if I needed help and reminding me that time is ever-fleeting. Nevertheless, I persisted, only to be met with a form even more annoying than most. A red-text alert to say that I did NOT have issues with my password (yep, that got me…twice), a requirement to upload a photo (thank you for being my stand-in, grimace emoji ), and a personal details page that I would still be working through had I not decided to be deceptive myself (if anyone asks, I DO live at 3 Somewhere Street in Waterloo with a zip code of 12345). I was able to use the drop-down pronouns feature and identify my sex as they both had options aligned with how I identify, but it definitely got me by highlighting in blue the sex choice that was not being selected. At least it was kind enough to alert me to the inconsistency.

Although I have *thankfully* never quite met an interface as devious as the one I just completed, it does clearly show the power of UI design and how using ingrained colours (e.g., red vs green), font styles (e.g., underlined, bolded, capitalized) and shapes typically reserved for clickable buttons can be used used to guide a user through a series of steps without giving much thought to one. It does beg to question, though: should the onus be put on the user to carefully decipher each time, or on the creator to avoid deception and remain honest, even if honesty results in lost (potential) revenue? Likely, it needs to be  – and should be – both. But as the annoying pop-up kept reminding me, who has time for that?

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