There are a variety of indicators that are used to observe surface temperature anomalies, and there is a large collection of databases containing surface temperature data collected from a variety of locations using a variety of instruments. Dodd et al. investigated the most effective techniques used to estimate SATA in the Arctic, and they deemed that methods which used interpolation rendered the most accurate estimates, the smallest errors were obtained with kriging methods, and although noninterpolating techniques were the least accurate they were still useful guides to test weather interpolated results were reasonable (1760). An interesting method brought to attention by Hanna et al. to construct STA in Iceland was to observe the relationship between air-sea-climate interactions (5652). We also look at proxy climate data in order to reconstruct past climates, also known as paleoclimates. Examples of paleoclimate indicators include dendrochronology, or tree ring analysis (e.g. Chen et al. 2272-2284), and coral analysis (e.g. Pendleton et al. 1-21). We reconstruct paleoclimates so that a comparison with modern climate information can be drawn to form a picture on how the climate is transforming over broader temporal scales.