{"id":112,"date":"2017-02-02T20:50:07","date_gmt":"2017-02-03T03:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/?p=112"},"modified":"2019-01-23T18:46:44","modified_gmt":"2019-01-24T01:46:44","slug":"class-osteichthyes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/2017\/02\/02\/class-osteichthyes\/","title":{"rendered":"Class Osteichthyes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/comparingfishrubric.docx\">Comparing Osteichthyes and Chondrichthyes criteria and rubric<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Bony fish<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_113\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-113\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-113\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/oste-300x287.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/oste-300x287.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/oste.png 404w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-113\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Representatives of Class Osteichthyes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Salmonoids, tuna, sunfish, eels, groupers, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Appeared ~420 million years ago<\/li>\n<li>The largest class of vertebrates with ~28,000 species (96% of all fishes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Evolutionary advancement<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Bony skeleton<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stronger and more rigid than cartilage.<\/li>\n<li>Made of collagen and calcium.<\/li>\n<li>The operculum (bony plate that protects the gills). Typically, gill slits cannot be seen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_114\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-114\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-114\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/bony-300x138.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/bony-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/bony-552x254.png 552w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/bony.png 677w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: Bony skeleton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>General anatomy<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Have a jaw and skeleton of bone with operculum<\/li>\n<li>Paired fins<\/li>\n<li>Homocercal tail (symmetrical)\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_115\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-115\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-115\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/scales-300x202.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/scales-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/scales.png 506w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-115\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3: Dermal scales<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>Swim bladder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Integument:<\/strong> Mucus glands embedded in dermal scales<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Formed from the deeper skin layer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Swim bladder<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Large air sac within the fish<\/li>\n<li>Acts as a <strong>buoyancy organ<\/strong> &#8211; it helps the fish maintain buoyancy in the water (so it doesn&#8217;t sink to the bottom)<\/li>\n<li>Increases in size when the fish wants to go up and decreases in size when the fish wants to go down.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"s1\">Neutrally buoyant fishes can hover in the water and swim with much less energy. However, there is only one depth at which a fish has neutral buoyancy, so it is important for the fish to be able to regulate the amount of gas in the swim bladder to maintain neutral buoyancy at different depths.&#8221; (Liem 1998:17)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>This allows for easier neutral buoyance \u2013 more energy efficient (bony fish don\u2019t need to swim to stay in the water column).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_116\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-116\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-116\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/swimblad-300x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/swimblad-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/swimblad-552x410.png 552w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/swimblad.png 575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-116\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4: Comic depicting swim bladder control<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Physiology<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5>Digestive system<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Similar to chondrichthyes, however no enlarged liver.<\/li>\n<li>Have a U-shaped stomach\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_117\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-117\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-117\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/telostdigest-300x104.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/telostdigest-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/telostdigest-552x192.png 552w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/telostdigest.png 754w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-117\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5: Bony fish digestive system<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>Have <strong>pyloric ceca <\/strong>which increases gut area and aids in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes.<\/li>\n<li>No true cloaca (Separate opening for digestive system)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/web.utk.edu\/~rstrange\/wfs550\/html-con-pages\/v-digest-sys.html\">Bony fish digestion resource [website]<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>Reproduction<\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_118\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-118\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-118\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/857798487.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"201\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-118\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6: Oviparous, external fertilization<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>External and internal fertilization (depends on species)<\/li>\n<li>Ovoparous (egg laying), Viviparous (live bearing), ovoviviparous (Aplacental yolk sac viviparous) all seen in bony fish.<\/li>\n<li>Some are <strong>hermaphrodites <\/strong>(both male and female reproductive organs at same time, or can change)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Fun fact<\/em>:<\/strong> Seahorses (Family <em>Syngnathidae)<\/em> are ovoviviparous (nutrients from yolk sac inside a parent) but it is the male seahorse that holds the eggs.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_120\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-120\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-120 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/main600x0_p184o338srh5d1n2a1l26ci25qba-300x194.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/main600x0_p184o338srh5d1n2a1l26ci25qba-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/main600x0_p184o338srh5d1n2a1l26ci25qba.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-120\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 7: Male seahorses &#8211; ovoviviparous<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>The female seahorse deposits eggs into a pouch on the male.<\/li>\n<li>The male releases sperm into the pouch, fertilizing the eggs.<\/li>\n<li>After the embryos have developed, the male gives birth to tiny seahorses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Subclasses of Osteichthyes<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5>Subclass Actinopterygii<\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_121\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-121\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-121\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/ocean-sunfish-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/ocean-sunfish-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/ocean-sunfish-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/ocean-sunfish-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/ocean-sunfish-1140x855.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/ocean-sunfish-552x414.jpg 552w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/ocean-sunfish.jpg 1222w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-121\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 8: The oceanic sunfish (<em>Mola mola)<\/em> is the largest bony fish in the world (Subclass Actinopterygii)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Ray-finned fishes<\/li>\n<li>Fins are webs of skin supported by bony spines or \u201crays\u201d<\/li>\n<li>99% of all bony fish species<\/li>\n<li>Salmon, eels, angler fish, seahorses, cod, halibut<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Subclass Sarcopterygii<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Lobe-finned fishes<\/li>\n<li>Fins are fleshy and joined to the body by a bone (able to support weight)\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_122\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-122\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-122\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/lungfiss-300x199.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/lungfiss-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/lungfiss.png 492w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-122\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 9: Lungfush (Subclass Sarcopterygii)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>Limbed animals are thought to have evolved from lobe-finned fishes<\/li>\n<li>Only 7 species are living today<\/li>\n<li>Coelacanth -&gt; thought extinct, rediscovered in 1938<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Lungfish -&gt; Have lungs and gills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Question: <\/strong><em>Of the six species of lungfish, only one can respire with their gills (Australian lungfish). This lungfish only have one lung, while the other 5 species have two lungs, but cannot use their gills to respire. What does this tell you about the process of evolution?<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_123\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-123\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/fishclass-300x195.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/fishclass-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/fishclass-768x499.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/fishclass-552x358.png 552w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/fishclass.png 918w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-123\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 9: The subclasses of Osteichthyes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Osteichthyan spotlight<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Deep-sea angler fish <\/strong> (Family <strong>Ceratiidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Have a bioluminescent lure protruding from their head to attract prey.<\/li>\n<li>Show extreme <u>sexual dimorphism<\/u> \u2013 Difference in size\/appearance between the sexes. Males are ~40x smaller.<\/li>\n<li>Since finding mates can be hard in the deep sea, females release pheromones, which attract males.<\/li>\n<li>When a male finds a female \u2013 they bite onto the female, digest part of their own face to become permanently attached.<\/li>\n<li>As time goes on, the male loses organ systems and even their brain, and basically become a growth on the female.<\/li>\n<li>But, the gonads continue producing sperm and give females a constant supply of sperm for reproduction in a challenging environment!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_124\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-124\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-124\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/angle2-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/angle2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/angle2.png 532w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-124\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 11: Deep Sea angler fish with bioluminescent lure<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_125\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-125\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-125\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/angler-300x160.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/angler-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/angler-552x294.png 552w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2017\/02\/angler.png 561w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-125\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 12: A male angler fish joined to a female<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ez6npJzaw94\">Angler fish reproduction<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h4>Extra questions:<\/h4>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>Compare and contrast the three classes of fishes.<\/p>\n<p>2. What do you think is the next logical step in evolution for Subclass Sarcopterygii? Justify your answer.<\/p>\n<p>3. Explain how bony fish maintain and control their buoyancy. How does this differ from cartilaginous fish (class Chondrichthyes)?<\/p>\n<p>4. What are the three characteristics shared by all fish?<\/p>\n<p>5. Compare fins in subclass Actinopterygii to Sarcopterygii.<\/p>\n<p>6. What does it mean to be <strong>hermaphroditic?<\/strong> Can you find an example of a bony fish that is a <strong>hermaphrodite?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>7.\u00a0 Outline the difference between <strong>homocercal<\/strong> and <strong>heterocercal<\/strong> caudal fins.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"post-excerpt\">Comparing Osteichthyes and Chondrichthyes criteria and rubric Bony fish Salmonoids, tuna, sunfish, eels, groupers, etc. Appeared ~420 million years ago&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1200970],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":136,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}