{"id":1206,"date":"2019-10-18T19:07:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-19T02:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/?p=1206"},"modified":"2019-10-18T19:08:28","modified_gmt":"2019-10-19T02:08:28","slug":"unit-2-3-mechanisms-of-evolution-and-natural-selection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/2019\/10\/18\/unit-2-3-mechanisms-of-evolution-and-natural-selection\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 2-3: Mechanisms of Evolution and Natural Selection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What is Natural Selection?\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0SCjhI86grU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Quick Definitions:<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><b>Fitness<\/b><b>:<\/b> the ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring.<\/p>\n<p><b>Natural Selection<\/b><b>: <\/b>Process by which the <b>best adapted<\/b> organisms survive and reproduce more often. These <b>adaptations<\/b> are passed onto the next generation.<\/p>\n<p>Natural Selection occurs when nature favors an organism. This happens when the strongest and \u201cbest fit\u201d to survive are able to<a href=\"https:\/\/kidsbiology.com\/biology-basics\/reproduction\/\"> <b>reproduce<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/a>\u00a0 Offspring inherit <b>t<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/kidsbiology.com\/biology-basics\/genes-and-traits\/\"><b>raits<\/b><\/a> that are good for the species. This process is one part of<a href=\"https:\/\/kidsbiology.com\/biology-basics\/theory-of-evolution\/\"> <b>Darwin\u2019s theory of evolution (along with common descent).<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1207\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.43.14-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"807\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.43.14-PM.png 807w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.43.14-PM-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.43.14-PM-768x442.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.43.14-PM-552x317.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Mechanisms of Natural Selection:<\/h3>\n<p><b>1.Variation<\/b><\/p>\n<p>o \u00a0 <b>Within a population, we see a wide variety of <\/b><b>traits and differences<\/b><b> among the same species.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>o \u00a0 <b>All of the traits and <\/b><b>phenotypes<\/b><b> (expressed characteristics) are due to <\/b><b>differences in DNA<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>These differences in DNA arise due to <\/b><b>MUTATION<\/b>. A mutation is any change in an organism&#8217;s DNA \u2013 it can be negative, positive, or neutral.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1187\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-03-at-7.23.58-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"415\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-03-at-7.23.58-PM.png 415w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-03-at-7.23.58-PM-300x221.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mutation is caused by spontaneous switching of nucleotide bases in the DNA.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Mutation can also be caused by chromosome abnormalities \u2013 i.e. missing parts, moved sections, or inability to separate during cell division.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>See 2-2 notes for more information.<\/em><\/p>\n<h6><em>Variation and Sexual reproduction:<\/em><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sexually reproductive animals have the benefit of a greater genetic diversity.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>An offspring gets one set of chromosomes from the mother and another from the father.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1208\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.46.02-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.46.02-PM.png 371w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.46.02-PM-227x300.png 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>During meiosis (cell division which makes sperm and eggs with only one set of chromosomes) there are many mechanisms which increase the variation in each sex cell as well. This makes billions of combinations possible for each sperm and egg.\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li>Without variation, populations could not survive changing environments. Natural selection selects the best adapted to survive leading others to die off. If they all have the same DNA, the population could not survive the same change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">More on meiosis in unit 3!<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>What happens if there is no variation in a population?<\/h3>\n<p>The extinction of the Gros Michel banana. All clones, no diversity, all susceptible to Panama Disease, loss of fitness, death!<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Terrifying Truth About Bananas\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ex0URF-hWj4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h5>2. Overproduction<\/h5>\n<p>Organisms instinctively reproduce. This leads to frequent offspring production among organisms (as frequent as their biology allows).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This leads to <b>more offspring produced<\/b><b> then just to \u201c<\/b><b>replace<\/b><b>\u201d the parents.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1209\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.50.21-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"341\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.50.21-PM.png 341w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.50.21-PM-300x239.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>However, pressures such as environment, predators, etc. lead to the death of many offspring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Luckily, <b>overproduction<\/b><b> means there is a <\/b><b>greater chance<\/b><b> of some offspring <\/b><b>surviving to reproductive age.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1210\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.51.04-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.51.04-PM.png 405w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.51.04-PM-300x219.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>3. Competition<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Limited food, space, water, mates, and niches in each environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Niche<\/b><b> \u2013<\/b>an organism\u2019s role in the ecosystem. It includes its habitat (where it lives), what it eats, what eats it, and how it behaves!<i>\u00a0 <\/i><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1211\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.55.30-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.55.30-PM.png 308w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.55.30-PM-295x300.png 295w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This means organisms within a species must compete to survive. If they are not strong enough, they will be out competed and can die.<\/li>\n<li>There is also <b>interspecies competition <\/b>\u2013 different species competing over the same resources. Leads to extinction of one unless they can adapt.<\/li>\n<li>This is why invasive species are such a problem \u2013 they can out compete native species.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mudskipper&#039;s high jumps - Nature&#039;s Greatest Dancers: Episode 1 Preview - BBC One\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DDvkDHEQ_bU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Animals Fight For Mates | BBC Earth\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hx-Q1k_9SwA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1212\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.56.59-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"764\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.56.59-PM.png 764w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.56.59-PM-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.56.59-PM-552x264.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Think about the <strong>Battle of the Beaks<\/strong> activity. When their was only one food source, you had to compete and some beaks were much better for certain foods. When all foods were present, many beaks targeted the food they were best at.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>4. Survival of the Fittest<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><b>More variation means some organisms in a population will be better suited to survive and others worse.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>The traits that help an animal survive in its environment is called an adaptation.<\/li>\n<li><b>The <\/b><b>better adapted<\/b><b> organism, the <\/b><b>more likely it will survive<\/b><b> and pass on its DNA<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fitness is all about reproductive ability!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1213\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.59.36-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.59.36-PM.png 353w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-6.59.36-PM-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>The above picture shows that the white mouse is <strong>less fit<\/strong>. It is less likely to survive to reproductive age or produce many offspring due to the predator. Thus, <strong>natural selection will select and favor the darker mouse which is more fit.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1215\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.00.53-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"901\" height=\"438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.00.53-PM.png 901w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.00.53-PM-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.00.53-PM-768x373.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.00.53-PM-552x268.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>B. Adaptations<\/h3>\n<p><b>Adaptation<\/b><b>: <\/b>Any feature that <b>helps an organism survive within its niche<\/b>. It becomes common in a population because it provides an improved function or benefit.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>This is tied to natural selection as the best traits (adaptations) are selected to be passed on while \u201cunfit\u201d traits disappear.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<h6><em>Three types of adaptations:<\/em><\/h6>\n<p><b>Structural\/Physical Adaptations<\/b><b> \u2013 <\/b>Changes in an animal\u2019s body to help it survive. (ex: ducks having webbed-feet to help with swimming.)<\/p>\n<p><b>Physiological Adaptations<\/b><b> \u2013 <\/b>\u00a0Internal and\/or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive in their environment (ex: snakes produce poisonous venom to ward off predators and to capture prey).<b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Behavioural adaptations<\/b><b> \u2013 <\/b>Changes in an animal&#8217;s <b>actions<\/b> to help it survive. (ex. Geese flying south for the Winter.)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1216\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.02.36-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"345\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.02.36-PM.png 345w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.02.36-PM-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5><em>Adaptations that are no longer &#8220;adaptations&#8221;<\/em><\/h5>\n<p><b>Vestigial Structures<\/b><b>: <\/b>a feature that was an adaptation for the organism&#8217;s ancestor, but that evolved to be <b>non-functional<\/b><b> because the organism&#8217;s <\/b><b>environment changed<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Vestigial Structures\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OAfw3akpRe8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Examples of vestigial structures:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1217\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.04.17-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"872\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.04.17-PM.png 872w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.04.17-PM-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.04.17-PM-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.04.17-PM-552x317.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1218\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.55-PM.png 878w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.55-PM-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.55-PM-768x371.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.55-PM-552x267.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1219\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.48-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.48-PM.png 897w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.48-PM-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.48-PM-768x369.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.03.48-PM-552x265.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>C. Selective Pressures<\/h3>\n<p><b>Selective pressures<\/b>: External forces which affect an organism\u2019s ability to survive in a given environment.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Selection pressures can be negative (decreases the fitness of a trait) or positive (increases the fitness of a trait)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Examples of selection pressures:<\/i><\/b>Predators, availability of resources, disease, accumulation of wastes, abiotic factors (climate, CO2 levels), natural disasters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i>Looking at populations \u2013 we can see how populations <\/i><b><i>shift<\/i><\/b><i> based on pressure. The group shows the variation in a population and the effect of pressure on populations<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Directional Selection<\/b><b>:<\/b> The pressures <b>favor one \u201cextreme\u201d<\/b> of the trait in a population.<\/p>\n<p><b>Stabilizing Selection<\/b>: If conditions stable for a long time, <b>pressure favors \u201cmoderates\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Disruptive Selection<\/b><b>:<\/b>\u00a0 The pressure favors both extremes as they both give benefits<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1220\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.05.54-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"634\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.05.54-PM.png 634w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.05.54-PM-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-18-at-7.05.54-PM-552x362.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Think: <\/em><\/strong><em>We learned about sickle cell anemia and allelic frequencies in Africa. Answer the following questions regarding the presence of the sickle cell allele and is prevalence in malaria zones:<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What type of <b>selection<\/b> is occurring at malaria zones?<\/li>\n<li>Describe <b>sickle cell anemia<\/b> in terms of <i>adaptation<\/i> and <i>natural selection.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"post-excerpt\">Quick Definitions: Fitness: the ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring. Natural Selection: Process by&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1200970],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1206"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1222,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206\/revisions\/1222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}