{"id":655,"date":"2018-12-29T18:07:14","date_gmt":"2018-12-30T01:07:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/?p=655"},"modified":"2020-02-27T20:01:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-28T03:01:05","slug":"phylum-nematoda-webquest-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/2018\/12\/29\/phylum-nematoda-webquest-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 5-4: Phylum Nematoda &#8211; Webquest Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Phylum Nematoda &#8211; Webquest Notes<\/h2>\n<p>Part 2 of webquest:<\/p>\n<p><em>Rather than me going through the notes and boring you, today you will be using this website to go over the notes, videos, and pictures at your own speed. You will gather notes through answering <strong>questions <\/strong>which gives you examples of questions I could ask on the <strong>simple invertebrates <\/strong>test while adapting my notes to fully address the question. Feel free to use other materials\/videos to explore these phylum and help clarify if you need. If you would like me to check on any of your answers\/diagrams, please let me know! Our first test will cover <strong>Phylum Porifera, Phylum Cnidaria, Phylum Platyhelminthes, and Phylum Nematoda.<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_656\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-656\" style=\"width: 769px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-656\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Cladenemm.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"769\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Cladenemm.png 769w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Cladenemm-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Cladenemm-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Cladenemm-552x375.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-656\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Current cladogram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Nema<\/b><\/span>toda &#8211; \u201c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Thread<\/b><\/span>\u201d &#8211; <i>Greek origin. Nematodes are the <\/i><b><i>roundworms<\/i><\/b><i> (Note: Earthworms are <strong>not roundworms!)<\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Appeared <b>~400 million years ago <\/b>(<i>Still unclear &#8211; new research suggests much older)<br \/>\n<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Are the most numerically abundant animals on Earth <i>(and could be the most diverse &#8211; estimates ranging from 10000 to 1 million species<\/i> &#8211; \u00a0<i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/current-biology\/pdf\/S0960-9822(13)00985-8.pdf\">We really need to study them more<\/a>&#8230;)<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucmp.berkeley.edu\/phyla\/ecdysozoa\/nematoda.html\">Additional info<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_657\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-657\" style=\"width: 595px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-657\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/1647112_orig.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/1647112_orig.jpg 595w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/1647112_orig-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/1647112_orig-552x403.jpg 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-657\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: Roundworm example<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>A: Evolution of Body Plan<\/h2>\n<h5><b>1. Pseudocoelom &#8211;<\/b> Nematodes (roundworms) are a bridge between \u201clower\u201d and \u201chigher\u201d invertebrates.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lower &#8211; no coelom (body cavity)<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Higher &#8211; Coelom (body cavity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_658\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-658\" style=\"width: 577px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-658\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.37.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"577\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.37.55-PM.png 577w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.37.55-PM-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.37.55-PM-552x202.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-658\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3: Cross section of a roundworm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>A <\/b><b>pseudocoelom <\/b>is a space between the <b>mesoderm<\/b> and the <b>endoderm <\/b><b>(not a true cavity &#8211; a true coelom will have a space within the mesoderm, not between cell layers)<br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_659\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-659\" style=\"width: 673px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-659\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.39.15-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"673\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.39.15-PM.png 673w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.39.15-PM-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.39.15-PM-552x404.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-659\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4: Comparing acoelomates and coelomates<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5><b>2. Complete digestive system<\/b><b> &#8211; <\/b>One-way digestive system with a mouth and an anus. Simplest animal with this.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Food can be digested step-by-step (more efficient)<\/li>\n<li>Waste removal does not interfere with eating.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_660\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-660\" style=\"width: 595px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-660\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Nematode.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"207\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-660\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5: Internal anatomy of a roundworm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-661\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.41.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"919\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.41.55-PM.png 919w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.41.55-PM-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.41.55-PM-768x420.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.41.55-PM-552x302.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 919px) 100vw, 919px\" \/><b><\/b><\/h5>\n<h5><b>3. Bilateral Symmetry (<em>with cephalization &#8211; similar to what developed in flatworms)<\/em><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_637\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-637\" style=\"width: 872px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-637\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-3.21.16-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"872\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-3.21.16-PM.png 872w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-3.21.16-PM-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-3.21.16-PM-768x339.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-3.21.16-PM-552x244.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-637\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6: Comparing animal body plan symmetry<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>B. Feeding and Excretion<\/h2>\n<p><b><em>From advancement above: <\/em><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Complete digestive system<\/b><b> &#8211; <\/b>One-way digestive system with a mouth and an anus. Simplest animal with this.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Food can be digested step-by-step (more efficient)<\/li>\n<li>Waste removal does not interfere with eating.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i>Just like flatworms &#8211; two feeding styles are present:<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Free-living Roundworms<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Carnivorous<\/b> (feed on <b>animals<\/b> that are even smaller)or <b>herbivorous<\/b> (feeding on phytoplankton such as diatoms, <b>algae<\/b> and <b>fungi)<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Can have teeth or spear-like structure to spear and suck out fluids of prey.<\/li>\n<li>Ex. <em>P. pacificus <strong>or <\/strong>C. elegans (an important model organism!)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vT8bms2RHe8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><b>Parasitic Roundworms<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><b>Get nutrients from a host &#8211; use one-way digestive system just like free-living roundworms.<br \/>\n<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Many different methods of attachment\/feeding &#8211; ex. Hookworms have cutting plates that grab onto the intestinal lining.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_663\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-663\" style=\"width: 238px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Parasite_Hookworm.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"238\" height=\"279\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-663\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 7: Hookworm under an electron microscope (eyes added in MS paint for effect)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><b>Can be parasitic to humans, plants, or animals.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_662\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-662\" style=\"width: 906px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-662\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.48.02-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"906\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.48.02-PM.png 906w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.48.02-PM-300x78.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.48.02-PM-768x201.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.48.02-PM-552x144.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-662\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 8: Examples of parasitic roundworms<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kJkkeiZWGrI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><b>Excretion <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Excretory tubes transfer solid waste to anus.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Waste (ammonia) is excreted through body wall with no associated organ.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C. Respiration and Circulation<\/h2>\n<p><b>No specialized organs for circulation and respiration (still nothing exciting\u2026)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Gas exchange occurs through diffusion <i>(O2 in, CO2 out) <\/i>through the skin.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>D. Reproduction<\/h2>\n<p><b>Sexual Reproduction<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Most roundworms have <b>two sexes<\/b> (MOST ARE NO LONGER HERMAPHRODITES!)- male and female.<\/li>\n<li><b>Internal fertilization<\/b> within the female body<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_664\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-664\" style=\"width: 480px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-664\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/1af.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/1af.jpg 480w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/1af-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-664\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 9: Comparison of sexes within the Ascaris genus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Males are smaller with <b>spicule<\/b> that open the vulva of females for sperm transfer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_665\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-665\" style=\"width: 548px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/3e43c30c2499a7028aad84400ca5e88c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"548\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/3e43c30c2499a7028aad84400ca5e88c.jpg 548w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/3e43c30c2499a7028aad84400ca5e88c-300x232.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-665\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 10: Comparison of sexes in Ascaris genus &#8211; Spicule labelled<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-666\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.58.22-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"358\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.58.22-PM.png 358w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-29-at-4.58.22-PM-300x126.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Although some are <b>hermaphrodites<\/b> that self-fertilize<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Attack of the parasites!<\/h2>\n<p><em>For the final part of the webquest lets get you moving! Please <strong>choose 3 <\/strong>parasitic nematodes to learn about. There are information posters scattered around the class. You are expected to know the basics: name of worm, disease caused and symptoms, and life cycle (basic). You will eventually choose of these for a research project focusing on the science behind and global cooperation for management of the disease.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QpVF9EnZFnw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XpqaWUUonFE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qNWWrDBRBqk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HCG0YxO5sJw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dnWwHthkGkY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"post-excerpt\">Phylum Nematoda &#8211; Webquest Notes Part 2 of webquest: Rather than me going through the notes and boring you, today&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1200970],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=655"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/655\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1386,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/655\/revisions\/1386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}