{"id":921,"date":"2019-04-29T19:46:01","date_gmt":"2019-04-30T02:46:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/?p=921"},"modified":"2019-05-04T17:25:15","modified_gmt":"2019-05-05T00:25:15","slug":"the-nervous-system-part-3-impulse-transmission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/2019\/04\/29\/the-nervous-system-part-3-impulse-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nervous System Part 3 &#8211; Impulse Transmission"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OZG8M_ldA1M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Our neurons use <b>chemical energy<\/b> to create a form of electricity.<\/p>\n<p>Just like <b>current electricity<\/b> the impulses travel along nerves due to <b>differences in charge!<\/b><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_922\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-922\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-922\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Action_Potential.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"712\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-922\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Action Potential<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>We have to learn about <b>two methods of transmission: <\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Saltatory Impulse Transmission &#8211; <i>Transmission along myelinated neurons.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Synaptic Transmission &#8211; <i>Transmission between neurons.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Saltatory Impulse Transmission<\/h3>\n<p><b>Due to ion movement that creates a small, temporary shift in the electrical nature of the fibre.<\/b>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Three types of ions are involved: <b>Na+\/ K+\/<\/b> and <b>negative ions.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Note: We typically study motor neurons so we tend to discuss the transmission along axons. However the same process is found in all neurons<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_923\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-923\" style=\"width: 438px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-923\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.07.22-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"438\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.07.22-PM.png 438w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.07.22-PM-300x205.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-923\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: Saltatory Impulse<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">How it happens:<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><b>1. Resting state of a neuron:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Outside neuron: Lots of Na+<\/li>\n<li>Inside neuron: Lots of K+ and negative ions.<\/li>\n<li><b>Axomembrane (membrane of axon) is lined with Na\/K pumps that move Na+ out and K+ in (this takes energy)<\/b><\/li>\n<li>This uneven distribution creates a <b>slightly negative (-65 mV)<\/b> charge in the <b>axoplasm<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>This is the <b>resting potential!<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_924\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-924\" style=\"width: 129px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-924\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.08.27-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"129\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.08.27-PM.png 129w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.08.27-PM-119x300.png 119w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 129px) 100vw, 129px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-924\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3: Resting Potential<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Depolarization<\/b> (First half of \u201caction potential\u201d)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A stimulus surpasses the <b>threshold value <\/b>(-55 mV)<\/li>\n<li>The <b>axomembrane<\/b> becomes permeable to Na+ (sodium channels open).<\/li>\n<li>Na+ floods into the axoplasm and <b>reverses<\/b> the electrical difference, creating a <b>positive charge <\/b>inside.<\/li>\n<li>Once the <b>charge in the axoplasm <\/b>reaches +40mV, the sodium channels close.When one section is <b>depolarized<\/b>, it triggers the next part to become depolarized.<\/li>\n<li>This creates a <b>wave of depolarization<\/b> along the axon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_925\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-925\" style=\"width: 124px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-925\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.09.03-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"124\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.09.03-PM.png 124w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-5.09.03-PM-110x300.png 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 124px) 100vw, 124px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-925\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4: Depolarization<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Repolarization<\/b> (Second half of \u201caction potential\u201d)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sodium channels are closed<\/li>\n<li>Potassium (K+) channels open &#8211; K+ rushes <b>out <\/b>of the <b>axoplasm<\/b> (out of neuron).<\/li>\n<li>Na\/K pumps return ions to their correct places (Na out\/K in)<\/li>\n<li>Normal polarity is restored (-65 mV)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_927\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-927\" style=\"width: 148px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-927\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.04.47-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"148\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.04.47-PM.png 148w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.04.47-PM-114x300.png 114w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 148px) 100vw, 148px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-927\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5: Repolarization<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_928\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-928\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-928\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Cell-Membrane-Pumps.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"319\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-928\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6: Ion movement during depolarization and repolarization<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_929\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-929\" style=\"width: 694px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-929\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.05.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"694\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.05.55-PM.png 694w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.05.55-PM-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.05.55-PM-552x366.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-929\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 7: Ion movement during an action potential<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_930\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-930\" style=\"width: 954px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-930\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.06.33-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"954\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.06.33-PM.png 954w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.06.33-PM-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.06.33-PM-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.06.33-PM-552x317.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 954px) 100vw, 954px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-930\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 8: Graph of an action potential<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Remember: we see a <b>wave of depolarization<\/b> that carries the impulse.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Myelinated axons speed up the signal because the myelin prevents ion movement.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Thus, the <b>wave<\/b> actually <b>jumps<\/b> between the nodes of Ranvier, skipping a lot of the axon!<\/li>\n<li>Saltatory <b>&#8211; <\/b><i>from Latin \u201cSaltore\u201d to hop or leap.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_931\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-931\" style=\"width: 665px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-931\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.07.24-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"665\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.07.24-PM.png 665w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.07.24-PM-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.07.24-PM-552x249.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-931\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 9: Saltatory transmission &#8211; depolarization jumps the myelin sheath<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>All or Nothing:<\/h5>\n<p><em>In class we will do an &#8220;All or Nothing&#8221; transmission analogy. Below is related to that activity:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>This analogy is just like <\/b>how an impulse is transmitted:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There is either a significant stimulus to begin an <b>action potential<\/b> or there is not and nothing happens.<\/li>\n<li>The <b>action potential<\/b> does not change &#8211; it is always the same regardless of how \u201cintense\u201d a stimuli is.<\/li>\n<li>The <b>intensity<\/b> of an impulse is based on how many neurons get activated and how often.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Synaptic Transmission &#8211; Thursday, May 2nd<\/h3>\n<p><em>Since I am definitely not having fun watching &#8220;Shrek the Musical&#8221; in Victoria, Ms. Jeeva will be supporting you as you continue with these difficult notes (and Ann-Aleese will still have to complete this in Victoria). Normally when we do &#8220;Webquest&#8221; style notes I make the notes in question format. However, the feedback from students last time was that it was useful to search and apply the notes, but missing out on the regular note format was challenging for studying. Today, please follow the outline and make sure you are on task to complete the expectations &#8211; this can be a challenging section!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1. Watch the video below: &#8220;Crash Course: The Nervous System Part 3- Synapses!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>2. Fill out the remaining skeleton notes about Synaptic Transmission.<\/p>\n<p>3. Answer the review questions about transmission on your skeleton notes and listed below.<\/p>\n<p>4.Finish week 3\/4 of the Takeaway Box assignment.<\/p>\n<p>5. Create either: 1) A quizlet set of the key words listed below, or 2) Create physical flash cards of the key words below. (Or 3. Create <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">something<\/span> with the words below &#8211; draw a picture representation of each word!)<\/p>\n<p><em>Next class:<\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Quizlet Live &#8211; Transmission Key Words.<\/li>\n<li>Homeostatic regulation of the post-synaptic receptors: Focus on nicotine and opioids.<\/li>\n<li>Neurotransmission &#8220;relay&#8221; &#8211; the effect of different drugs.<\/li>\n<li>Peripheral Nervous System &#8211; Wrap up the unit!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VitFvNvRIIY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Once an impulse reaches the end of an axon, it need to be passed to the next neuron, but <strong>b<\/strong><b>etween each neuron<\/b> there is a small gap. This is called the <b>synaptic gap<\/b> or <b>synapse<\/b>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_932\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-932\" style=\"width: 653px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-932\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.14.52-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"653\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.14.52-PM.png 653w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.14.52-PM-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.14.52-PM-552x206.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-932\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 10: Post\/pre synaptic neurons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_933\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-933\" style=\"width: 678px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-933\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.15.43-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.15.43-PM.png 678w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.15.43-PM-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.15.43-PM-552x277.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-933\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 11: The synaptic gap or synapse<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Synaptic Transmission<\/b> &#8211; The process by which an impulse crosses the synaptic gap.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <b>pre-synaptic membrane<\/b> has <b>Ca channels<\/b> and many <b>synaptic vesicles<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Synaptic vesicles contain various neurotransmitters.<\/b><\/li>\n<li>The <b>post-synaptic membrane<\/b> has receptor sites that respond to a particular neurotransmitter.<\/li>\n<li>Each receptor can only bind a certain structure that lead to various <b>biochemical pathways.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">How it happens:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Impulse arrives at the end of the axon<\/b>. Arrival of the depolarization causes the <b>Ca<\/b> channels to open.<\/li>\n<li>Ca2+ enters the <b>pre-synaptic axon<\/b> from the <b>synaptic gap<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>This causes the <b>synaptic vesicles <\/b>\u00a0to fuse with the <b>pre-synaptic membrane<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>Neurotransmitters move into the <b>synaptic gap<\/b> via <i>exocytosis.<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Neurotransmitters <i>diffuse<\/i> across the synaptic gap and bind to the associated receptor on the <b>post-synaptic<\/b> neuron.<\/li>\n<li>When <b>enough <\/b>neurotransmitters have bound to receptors, <b>sodium channels<\/b> open in the post-synaptic neuron.<\/li>\n<li>This causes depolarization and the action potential to occur in the <b>post-synaptic neuron!<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Returning to normal:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each neurotransmitter has an associated enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitters (so there is not a constant stimuli)<\/li>\n<li>Ca2+ ions are returned to the <b>synaptic gap <\/b>via active transport (takes energy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><b>Remember: <\/b>Different sensory neurons receive different sensory information which can lead to different neurotransmitter release and acting on different parts of the CNS. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>I.E. The difference between <b>a motor response<\/b> and a <b>feeling of accomplishment<\/b> is based on the sensory information, the neurotransmitter, and the biochemical pathway it activates.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Neurotransmitters:<\/h5>\n<p><em>Chemical messengers used to transmit messages between neurons<\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>Can be:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Excitatory<\/b><b> &#8211; <\/b><i>Promotes depolarization and makes it <\/i><i>easier for an action potential to occur.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Inhibitory &#8211;<\/b> <i>Makes it more difficult for depolarization to occur.<\/i><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_934\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-934\" style=\"width: 445px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-934\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.18.44-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"445\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.18.44-PM.png 445w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.18.44-PM-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-934\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 12: Excitatory vs. inhibitory neurotransmitter mechanisms<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_935\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-935\" style=\"width: 964px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-935\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.20.19-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"964\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.20.19-PM.png 964w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.20.19-PM-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.20.19-PM-768x535.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/files\/2019\/04\/Screen-Shot-2019-04-29-at-7.20.19-PM-552x384.png 552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-935\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13: Most common neurotransmitters in the human body<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Think\/Research:<\/strong> <em>What are the effects of alcohol on synaptic transmission? What neurotransmitters are involved? Can you relate their function to the feelings\/actions of someone being &#8220;drunk&#8221; (Obviously from movies you&#8217;ve seen or stories you have heard from people over the age of 19)?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>I will ask about this Monday:)<\/p>\n<h3><strong><u>Review Questions:<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Describe the electrical nature of resting potential.<\/li>\n<li>What is the role of the Na\/K pump in an action potential?<\/li>\n<li>Are all impulses the same intensity\/magnitude? Explain.<\/li>\n<li>Draw and annotate a diagram of the <strong>four stages of an action potential<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>How does a pre-synaptic membrane differ from a post-synapatic membrane?<\/li>\n<li>What would happen if dopamine was unable to be broken down by associated enzymes after release?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Words to know:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/_6l2c5q\">Quizlet<\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Saltatory Transmission<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">Synaptic Transmission<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">Synapse<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">Neurotransmitter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Axoplasm<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">Axomembrane<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">Action Potential<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">Synaptic Vesicle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\">Depolarization<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">Repolarization<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">Resting Potential<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Unfortunately, we have to move fast this month. Be sure to review these challenging notes and come in from 8-9am or 3-4pm any day to get help or ask for additional practice!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"post-excerpt\">Our neurons use chemical energy to create a form of electricity. Just like current electricity the impulses travel along nerves&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=921"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":942,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/921\/revisions\/942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/mrpletsch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}