Peru Election 2006

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Susana Villarán in Flag-Washing Ceremony

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Maxwell A. Cameron
February 3, 2006

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Photo: M.A. Cameron
Susana Villarán, presidential candidate for Concertación Descentralista, participated in a symbolic flag-washing ceremony to express opposition to a new law of military justice, Law No. 28665. The law, which was promulgated last month, creates a parallel system of military justice along side the civil judiciary. The ceremony was held shortly after noon in front of the National Magistrates Council in the 35 hundred block of the Paseo de la República in San Isidro.
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Photo: M.A. Cameron
A group of supporters were on hand with buckets of soap, water, and flags. Among those present were congressional candidates Fabricio Orozco, Roberto Sánchez, Manuel Dammert, Oscar Badillo, and José Carlos Vera. When Villarán arrived, the crowd chanted slogans like “Susana is decent, Susana is brave” or “Susana, for sure, be tough with the mafia” (Susana, segura, a la mafia dale dura).
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Photo: M.A. Cameron
I asked one of Villarán’s supporters why the law had been passed, and why now? He said the law was introduced and passed in the legislature at this time because, for the first time ever, the members of the armed forces and the police can vote. Political parties like the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), National Unity (UN) and the Independent Moralizing Front (FIM) all voted in favor of this law in order to curry favor with the military voters. The bill, sponsored by Luis Iberico of the FIM, was passed into law very quickly, and with little debate, in December of last year. Arguing that it opens the way to more impunity, and goes against the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the spokesperson for Concertación Decentralista said the law constitutes a “golpe de estado” (or coup) against the judicial branch of government.
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Photo: M.A. Cameron
The purpose of the flag washing was to bring pressure to bear upon the National Magistrates Council to refuse to name justices to the military courts until a constitutional challenge to the law of military justice is heard in the Constitutional Tribunal, Peru’s equivalent of a supreme court for constitutional matters. The nation’s top lawyer, or Fiscal de la Nación (often translated inaccurately as Attorney General, but in fact the office of Fiscal de la Nación is fully autonomous and responsible for upholding the rule of law in the agencies of government), Adelaida Bolívar has challenged the constitutionality of the law.
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Photo: M.A. Cameron
After washing the flag, Villarán held a media scrum in which she praised Bolívar as a brave supporter of democracy, and denounced the law of military justice, saying it was approved “between the rooster and midnight.” She said that symbolically washing the flag evokes the “healthiest tradition of the defense of democracy.” In 2000, at the end of the Fujimori regime, flag-washing ceremonies were held in front of the palace of government. The event today was meant as a reminder of the dark days of that period. Villarán asked what kind of democracy Peruvians want.
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Photo: M.A. Cameron
A flier was circulated that called for the defense of the rule of law, democracy and the institutionality of the armed forces. The key points in the flier were:
– The law of military justice is a violation of the rule of law because it creates a system of justice parallel to the judiciary and public ministry.
– It creates a new layer of bureaucracy, with 176 new judges who are active duty military officers and hence subject to hierarchy, discipline, and obedience to superiors.
– It creates a competition over competence in the area of human rights law.
– It opens the door to a militaristic regime and weakens civil liberties.
– All presidential candidates should state their position with respect to this law.
– No justices should be appointed until the constitutionality of the law is resolved.
– Laws, like the recently proposed amnesty, that weaken the rule of law hurt the military and the nation alike.
– The armed forces should be modernized and professionalized.
How likely is military justice to emerge as a campaign issue? Leaving aside members of the armed forces, who have an obvious interest in the topic, most Peruvians are unlikely to care a good deal. The parties that support this law are the front-runners in the campaign, while Concertación Descentralista is in the single digits in opinion polls. One of Villarán’s supporters acknowledged that many Peruvians are more concerned about getting bread and butter on the table than they are with arcane issues of military justice, but he argued that it is important to get the issue on the agenda of other candidates and make this one of the issues voters think about when going to the polls.
Military courts were key pillars of the militaristic political regime created by former President Alberto Fujimori. These courts lacked the most rudimentary elements of due process, often refusing to accept writs of habeas corpus issued by civilian judges. They also claimed jurisdiction over civilians, and treated former military officers in retirement as if they were still part of the chain of command. Many of the judges who are now being considered for appointment to the military courts were defenders of Montesinos, Fujimori’s corrupt intelligence chief. Some signed letters of subjection to Montesinos, or were involved in the cover-up of Montesinos’ role in the Cantuta massacre of 1992. One ordered the capture of General Rodolfo Robles after he blew the whistle on human rights abuses by the high command.
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Photo: M.A. Cameron


Jueces montesinistas integrarían la nueva Sala Suprema Militar
Por César Romero.
La Republica
Peru, Viernes 03 de Febrero del 2006, p. 9.

Los jueces militares que protegieron y apoyaron a Vladimiro Montesinos y Nicolás Hermoza Ríos en el Fuero Militar integrarían la nueva Sala Suprema Penal Militar Policial. Este tribunal formará parte de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y tendrá como principal actividad decidir qué delitos cometidos por los efectivos militares se consideran de función y deben ser vistos por el sistema judicial castrense.
La elección de los integrantes de dicho tribunal está a cargo de una Junta Transitoria Calificadora y Designadora creada por la ley 28665. Esta ley ha sido calificada de inconstitucional por la fiscal de la Nación Adelaida Bolívar, por lo que presentó una demanda de inconstitucionalidad contra dicha norma ante el Tribunal Constitucional.
Pese a esa demanda, la Junta pretende elegir hoy a los tres magistrados militares que integrarán dicha Sala Suprema. Los candidatos son los generales de Brigada EP Hugo Pow Sang Sotelo, Abraham Talavera Delgado y Pedro Cabezas Córdova; los mayores generales FAP Nelson Echaíz Velásquez y Percy Catacora Santisteban; y el general PNP Demetrio Rojas Talla.
De estos oficiales, tres fueron tenaces defensores de los intereses montesinistas en el fuero militar. Otro tiene proceso judicial abierto en la Corte Suprema por prevaricato. Otro más, Abraham Talavera, actuando como abogado se opuso a la creación del sistema que ahora pretende integrar.
Acta de sujeción
El general Sang Sotelo y el mayor Echaíz firmaron el 13 de marzo de 1999 el ‘acta de sujeción’ respaldando la Ley de Amnistía y comprometiéndose a obstaculizar toda investigación contra los altos mandos castrenses por violación de los derechos humanos y otros delitos relacionados.
Catacora integró la Sala Plena del Consejo Supremo de Justicia Militar (CSJM) que el 15 de agosto de 1977 entregó a Montesinos la Insignia de la Justicia Militar.
Pow Sang fue Auditor del CSJM durante el fujimorismo. Según Pedro Huertas, este general de brigada era un asiduo visitante de Montesinos en el SIN. Además, intervino en los juicios por los asesinatos de La Cantuta.
En una primer intervención apoyó la condena a Santiago Martin Rivas y a los agentes del grupo Colina como únicos responsables de la matanza de La Cantuta. En una segunda intervención, el 17 de agosto de 1994, opinó a favor de que la Sala de Guerra absolviera a Montesinos y Hermoza Ríos por los crímenes de La Cantuta.
Posteriormente, en 1996, siendo vocal instructor del CSJM, Pow Sang ordenó la captura del general Rodolfo Robles Espinoza por criticar la gestión de Hermoza Ríos. Además, “sancionó” al hoy congresista Heriberto Benítez con una suspensión de tres meses para ejercer la defensa porque criticó los conocimientos jurídicos de los jueces militares.
Corrupción militar
Hugo Pow Sang y Percy Catacora intervinieron en 1997 en el proceso al corredor de seguros Gustavo Cesti Hurtado, a fin de silenciar sus denuncias sobre corrupción en la Cía. de Seguros Popular y Porvenir con el Ejército. Catacora fue uno de los integrantes de la Sala de Guerra del CSJM que condenó a Cesti Hurtado a siete años de cárcel por sus denuncias de corrupción.
Después, el 24 de mayo de 1999, Catacora defendió ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos la decisión del fuero militar de desacatar un hábeas corpus a favor de Cesti Hurtado.
A fines del 2005, el vocal supremo Luis Lecaros inició proceso al general Cabezas y otros cinco jueces militares por modificar hasta en dos oportunidades una sentencia a favor del mayor Evaristo Castillo Aste. En la primer sentencia le otorgaron amnistía y dispusieron su reincorporación en el Ejército, luego dijeron que no podía regresar y, por último, determinaron que Castillo Aste reclame en la vía administrativa su regreso al Ejército.
Los antecedentes de los candidatos dicen mucho de su idoneidad para ser nombrados vocales supremos militares. Si son elegidos, ganarán Montesinos y Hermoza Ríos.
Villarán llama a lavar banderas
1. Susana Villarán, candidata a la presidencia por Concertación Descentralista, convocó para hoy a la población a un lavado de banderas en el Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura, a fin de impedir que sean designados los vocales de la Sala Suprema Penal Militar.
2. Consideró que no deben proceder esos nombramientos hasta que el Tribunal Constitucional resuelva la acción de inconstitucionalidad planteada por la fiscal de la Nación, Adelaida Bolívar, contra la norma.
3. Emplazó, además, a los candidatos presidenciales Lourdes Flores, Alan García y Fernando Olivera a que expliquen por qué sus bancadas respaldaron la norma, y que digan si están o no de acuerdo con que se cree una justicia militar paralela al Poder Judicial y el Ministerio Público, hecho que atenta contra el estado de derecho.
4. El lavado de bandera será hoy al mediodía en la cuadra 35 de Paseo de La República.

Written by Michael Ha

February 3rd, 2006 at 10:26 am

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