Balled and Burlapped (B&B): Plants established in the ground that have been harvested by digging with a soil ball so that the soil within the ball remains undisturbed. As part of the harvesting process, the soil ball is bound in burlap or similar mesh material.
Bare Root (BR): Plants harvested while dormant without a ball of soil or from which the growing medium has been removed.
Caliper: The above ground diameter of a distinct part of a nursery stock stem, measured in accordance with this Standard. The location of measurement depends on the type and size of plant. Measurement height begins at the ground level, soil line or root flare, as appropriate. The word may be abbreviated as cal.
Commons: According to Karl Linn, it is a “gathering space – indoor or outdoor – that people have personalized to meet the needs of the community.”
Container: The pot in which nursery stock is grown or sold. Containers are manufactured of different materials such as plastic, wood, paper, cloth, natural fiber, etc. and may vary greatly in size, shape, and quality. However, in the context of nursery stock, containers are not used as a final installation for growing, as for example, in a landscape planter.
Cultivar: Cultivated plants that are specifically named, whose unique characteristics are retained during propagation, and populations are maintained by human efforts. They are distinguished from botanical varieties which also are distinct populations of plants in a species, but are naturally occurring.
Graft: A product of asexual propagation where two plants or plant parts are joined together so that they will unite and continue their growth as one.
Green wall | Plants grown in vertical systems that can be freestanding but are generally attatched to internal or external walls (Tong, 2018).
Green facade | Climbing plants growing up a building face, in front of walls, or to block visually permeable structures, installed at different levels using twining or tendril climbers (Tong, 2018).
Green rainwater infrastructure (GRI) | An approach to rainwater management utilizing an engineered and ecosystem-based practice to protect, restore, and mimic the natural water cycle using soils, plants, trees, and/or built structures to capture, store, and clean rainwater (City of Vancouver, 2023).
Live stake: long cuttings taken from hardwood species that are driven into the ground to take root and typically Salix (willow) species or Cornus (dogwood) for restoration projects. (From University of Washington).
Mulch volcano – The practice of packing mulch directly adjacent to the stem of a tree, a bad practice which can lead to bark rot and decay overtime.
Mycorrhizae | Fungi in a symbiotic relationship with the roots of plants, where fungus receives carbohydrates from the plant and the plant receives nutrients from the mycorrhizal in the soil (Delahaut, 2005).
Mycoremediation | An ecologically regenerative process of using fungi to break down or remove pollutants from an ecosystem using enzymes and acids, typically employed in agricultural practices, industrial clean-ups, and stormwater runoff tools (American Society of Landscape Architecture, 2016).
Mycoheterotrophy | A plant lacking chlorophyll depends on its relationship with the mycelium of a mycorrhizal fungus for energy, which is typically in a beneficial relationship with a nearby tree host (Watkinson, 2016).
Plug (PL): A cylinder of medium in which a plant is grown. The term is generally used for seedlings and rooted cuttings that have been removed from the container with the medium held intact by the roots.
Rooted Cutting (RC): A vegetative portion, either hardwood (HWC) or softwood (SWC), removed from a parent plant that has been induced to form roots and eventually new leaves and shoots.