{"id":487,"date":"2016-07-02T11:20:25","date_gmt":"2016-07-02T18:20:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/educ500\/?page_id=487"},"modified":"2021-07-04T09:12:45","modified_gmt":"2021-07-04T16:12:45","slug":"methods","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/methodologies\/methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods (A-Z)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"center\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Methodological Genres :: Writing &amp; Reporting (2005)<span style=\"font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(The Methodological Writing Resources are examples of writing in specific research genres)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(Access through UBC Library Portal if Necessary)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/methodologies\/analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Analysis (see Methods of Analysis)<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Aboriginalizing Methods<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Cole, P. (2002). <a href=\"http:\/\/taylorandfrancis.metapress.com\/index\/WDLTR6U2QCRAWYCU.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aboriginalizing methodology: Considering the canoe<\/a>. <em>Qualitative Studies in Education, 15<\/em>(4), 447-459.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Action Research <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Columbo, M. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.qualitative-research.net\/fqs-texte\/2-03\/2-03colombo-e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reflexivity and Narratives in Action Research: A Discursive Approach<\/a>. <em>Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 4<\/em>(2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Noffke, S. E.. (1997). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/0091732x\/ap040023\/04a00070\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cc99333c00501b3844b&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Professional, Personal, and Political Dimensions of Action Research<\/a>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">In M. Apple (Ed.), <em>Review of Educational Research, 22<\/em> (pp. 305-343). Washington, DC: AERA<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Arts-Based Research <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Barone, T. (2001). Science, art, and the predispositions of educational researchers. <em>Educational Researcher, 30<\/em>(10), 24-28.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Boetker, G. (2004). <a href=\"\/\/\/Users\/stephenpetrina\/Earth%20Shattering-Office\/Courses%20&amp;%20Primers\/Courses\/EDUC%20500\/Course%20Design\/Website%20%282005%29\/EDUC500\/Resources\/boetker.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Entering research: Collapsing the personal, teacher, researcher identity<\/a>.Paper presented at AARE.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccfi.educ.ubc.ca\/publication\/insights\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Educational Insights<\/em><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Fels, L. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.complexityandeducation.ualberta.ca\/COMPLICITY1\/pdfs\/Complicity11g_Fels.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Complexity, teacher education and the restless jury<\/a>.<em> Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, 1<\/em>(1), 73-98.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Herman, L. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/11\/3\/468\">Researching the images of evil events: An arts-based methodology in liminal space<\/a>. <em>Qualitative Inquiry, 11<\/em>(3), 468-80.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">McNiff, S. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lesley.edu\/journals\/jppp\/9\/index.html\">Research in new keys: An introduction to the ideas and methods of arts-based research [special issue on arts-based research]<\/a>. <em>Pedagogy Pluralism &amp; Practice, 9<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Mullen, C. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/9\/2\/165\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Guest editor&#8217;s introduction: &#8220;A self-fashioned gallery of aesthetic practice<\/a>.&#8221; <em>Qualitative Inquiry, 9<\/em>(2), 165-81.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Petrina, S., Brennan, K., Krug, D., James, K., Peterson, J. &amp; Mutt, R. (in press). Arts [and Crafts] -Based Research. <em>Studies in Art Education<\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Prendergast, M. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/ijea.asu.edu\/v4n1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">I, me, mine: Soliloquizing as reflective practice<\/a>. <em>International Journal of Education and the Arts, 4<\/em>(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Saldana, J. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/9\/2\/218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dramatizing data: A primer<\/a>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>Qualitative Inquiry, 9<\/em>(2), 218-36.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Scott-Hoy, K. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/9\/2\/268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Form carries experience. A story of the art and form of knowledge.<\/a> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>Qualitative Inquiry, 9<\/em>(2), 268-80.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Springgay, S., Irwin, R. &amp; Wilson Kind, S. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/11\/6\/897\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A\/r\/tography as living inquiry through art and text<\/a>. <em>Qualitative Inquiry, 11<\/em>(6), 897-912.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Weber, S. &amp; Mitchell, C. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iirc.mcgill.ca\/static\/methodology\/artbased.html\">About arts-based research<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Arts and Crafts Based Research <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Petrina, S., Brennan, K., Krug, D., James, K., Peterson, J. &amp; Mutt, R. (2006). Arts [and Crafts] -Based Research. Unpublished Manuscript.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Arts, Crafts and Design Based Research <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Petrina, S., Brennan, Feng, F., K., Krug, D., James, K. &amp; Peterson, J. (2006). Arts, Crafts and Design Based Research. Unpublished Manuscript. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Autoethnography<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: small;\">Baker, D. G. (2001). Future homemakers and feminist awakenings: Ethnography as a method in theological education and research. <em>Religious Education, 96<\/em>(3), 395-407.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Berry, T. R. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/%28ndxs3s55cqa2h3zpikbmd455%29\/app\/home\/content.asp?referrer=contribution&amp;format=2&amp;page=1&amp;pagecount=18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Black on black education: Personally engaged pedagogy for\/by African American pre-service teachers<\/a>. <em>Urban Review, 37<\/em>(1), 31-48.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Denzin, N. (2003). Performing [auto} ethnography politically. <em>Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 25<\/em>, 257-278.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Ellis, C. (1998). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1998.tb00516.x\">&#8220;I hate my voice:&#8221; Coming to terms with minor bodily stigmas<\/a>. <em>Sociological Quarterly, 39<\/em>(4), 517-537.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Holt, N. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/%7Eiiqm\/backissues\/2_1\/pdf\/holt.pdf\">Representation, legitimation and autoethnography<\/a>. <em>International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2<\/em>(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Moore, P. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.humanities.curtin.edu.au\/pdf\/gra\/MooreNotes.pdf\">Some notes on autoethnography<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Petrina, S. (under review). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cust.educ.ubc.ca\/wcourses\/cust562\/Research\/C&amp;IHigh.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">C&amp;I high<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bricolage<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Kincheloe, J. (2001). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/7\/6\/679.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Describing the bricolage: Conceptualizing a new rigor in qualitative research<\/a>. <em>Qualitative Inquiry, 7<\/em>(3), 679-692.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Kincheloe, J. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/11\/3\/323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">On to the next level: Continuing the conceptualization of the bricolage<\/a>. <em>Qualitative Inquiry, 11<\/em>(3), 323-50.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Markham, A. N. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/qix.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/11\/6\/813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">&#8220;Go ugly early&#8221;: Fragmented narrative and bricolage as interpretive method<\/a>.<em>Qualitative Inquiry, 11<\/em>(6), 813-839. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Case Study* <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">*Keep in mind that case study is not a method, per se. Rather, case study refers more to the parameters drawn around data and sites. A case study is an orientation to a particular phenomenon or specific phenomena. Researchers speak of &#8220;the case of x&#8221; or &#8220;the case of y&#8221; as a way of placing conceptual, spatial or temporal boundaries around data. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qual.auckland.ac.nz\/case.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Case Study Resource Site<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nova.edu\/ssss\/QR\/QR3-2\/tellis1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tellis, W. (1997a). Introduction to case study. <em>Qualitative Report, 3<\/em>(2).<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nova.edu\/ssss\/QR\/QR3-3\/tellis2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tellis, W. (1997b). Application of a case study methodology. <em>Qualitative Report, 3<\/em>(3).<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/00018392\/di995450\/99p0462j\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cce4403700501a57b06&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yin, R. K. &amp; Heald, K. A. (1975). Using the case survey method to analyse policy studies.<em>Administrative Science Quarterly, 2<\/em>0(3), 371-381.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/00018392\/di995472\/99p0005u\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cce4403700501a57b06&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yin, R. K. (1981). The case study crisis: Some answers. <em>Administrative Sc<\/em><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/00018392\/di995472\/99p0005u\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cce4403700501a57b06&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>ience Quarterly 26<\/em>(1), 58-65.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Yin, R. K. (1981). The case study as a serious research strategy,&#8221; <em>Knowledge, 3<\/em>(1), 97-114.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Content Analysis <\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: small;\">Petrina, S. (1998). <a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.lib.vt.edu\/ejournals\/JTE\/v10n1\/pdf\/petrina.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The politics of research in technology education: A critical content and discourse analysis of the Journal of Technology Education<\/a>. <em>Journal of Technology Education ,10<\/em>(1), 27-57.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Crafts-Based Research <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Petrina, S., Brennan, K., Krug, D., James, K., Peterson, J. &amp; Mutt, R. (in press). Arts [and Crafts] -Based Research. <em>Studies in Art Education<\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Critical Discourse Analysis<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Luke, A. (1995). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/0091732x\/ap040022\/04a00020\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cc99333c00501b3844b&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Text and discourse in education: An introduction to critical discourse analysis<\/a>. In M. Apple (Ed.), <em>Review of Educational Research, 21<\/em> (pp. 3-48). Washington, DC: AERA.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Critical Ethnography<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Barton, A. C. (2001). <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/cgi-bin\/fulltext\/85513202\/PDFSTART\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Science education in urban settings: Seeking new ways of praxis through critical ethnography<\/a>.<em> Journal of Research in Science Teaching<strong>, <\/strong>38<\/em>(8), 899-917.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Elliston, D. A. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.metapress.com\/%28wq5qdr55c2koq245padl4dft%29\/app\/home\/content.asp?referrer=contribution&amp;format=13&amp;page=1&amp;pagecount=27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical reflexivity and sexuality studies in anthropology : Siting sexuality in research, theory, ethnography, and pedagogy<\/a>. <em>Reviews in Anthropology, 34<\/em>(1), 21-47.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Jordon, S. &amp; Yeomans, D. (1995). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/01425692\/ap050057\/05a00070\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=page&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cc99333c00501b3844b&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical ethnography: Problems in contemporary theory and practice<\/a>. <em>British Journal of Sociology of Education, 16<\/em>(3), 389-408. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Porter, S. (1993). <a href=\"http:\/\/soc.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/27\/4\/591\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical realist ethnography: The case of racism and professionalism in a medical setting<\/a>. <em>Sociology, 27<\/em>(4), 591-609.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Roman, Leslie. (1993). Double exposure: The politics of feminist materialist<br \/>\nethnography. <em>Educational theory 43<\/em>(3), 279-308.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Critical Incident<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Woolsey, L. K. (1986). The critical incident technique: An innovative method of qualitative research. <em>Canadian Journal of Counselling, 20<\/em>(4), 242-54.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Critical Narrative (Resistance or Counter Narrative)<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Burdell, P. &amp; Swadner, B. B. (1999). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/0013189x\/ap040277\/04a00040\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cc99333c00501b3844b&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical personal narrative and autoethnography in education: Reflections on a genre<\/a>. <em>Educational Researcher, 28<\/em>(6), 21-26.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Casey, K . (1995). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/0091732x\/ap040022\/04a00060\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cc99333c00501b3844b&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The new narrative research in education<\/a>. In M. Apple (Ed.), <em>Review of Educational Research, 21<\/em> (pp. 211-253). Washington, DC: AERA.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Critical Race Theory<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Gordon, L. R. (1999).<a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.udel.edu\/apa\/publications\/newsletters\/v99n2\/blackexperience\/1999-gordon.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A short history of the &#8220;critical&#8221; in critical race theory<\/a>. <em>APA Newsletters, 99(<\/em>2).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Hall, K. (1999). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.udel.edu\/apa\/archive\/newsletters\/v98n2\/lawblack\/hall.asp\">White feminists doing critical race theory:<br \/>\nSome ethical and political considerations<\/a>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>APA Newsletters, 98<\/em>(2).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Simon, T. W. (1999). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.udel.edu\/apa\/archive\/newsletters\/v98n2\/lawblack\/simon.asp\">Racists versus anti-Semites?: Critical race theorists criticized<\/a>. <em>APA Newsletters, 98<\/em>(2).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Tate, W. (1997). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/0091732x\/ap040023\/04a00050\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cc99333c00501b3844b&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical race theory and education<\/a>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">In M. Apple (Ed.), <em>Review of Educational Research, 22<\/em> (pp. 195-247). Washington, DC: AERA<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Critical Theory <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Boje, D. M. (1998). <a href=\"http:\/\/cbae.nmsu.edu\/mgt\/jpub\/boje\/critped\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How critical theory and critical pedagogy can unmask Nike&#8217;s labor practices<\/a>.(On Nike, see also Petrina under Political Ecology).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Brookfield, S. (2002). Overcoming alienation as the practice of adult education. <em>Adult Education Quarterly, 52<\/em>(2), 96-111.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Dantley, M. E. (2003). Critical spirituality: Enhancing transformative leadership through critical theory and African American prophetic spirituality. <em>International Journal of Leadership in Education, 6<\/em>(1), 3-17. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ellsworth, E. (1989). Why doesn&#8217;t this feel empowering? Working throough the repressive myths of critical pedagogy. <em>Harvard Educational Review, 59<\/em>(3), 297-324.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Langman, L. (2005). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">From virtual public spheres to global justice: A critical theory of internetworked social movements<\/a>. <em>Sociological Theory, 2<\/em>3(1), 42-74. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Lather, P. (2002). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1741-5446.1998.00487.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical pedagogy and its complicities: A praxis of stuck places<\/a>. <em>Educational Theory, 48<\/em>(4).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Petrina, S. (2000). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cust.educ.ubc.ca\/programs\/tsed\/Research\/Books\/D&amp;T\/tlit.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The politics of technological literacy<\/a>. <em>International Journal of Technology and Design Education 10<\/em>(2), 181-206. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Deconstruction<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Hedges, W. D. (1997). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sou.edu\/English\/Hedges\/Sodashop\/RCenter\/Theory\/People\/pdfs\/derrida%20key.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Derrida and deconstruction: Key points<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Hedges, W. D. (1997). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sou.edu\/English\/Hedges\/Sodashop\/RCenter\/Theory\/Howto\/pdfs\/deconstruction.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Using deconstruction to astonish your firends &amp; confound enemies<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Leggo, C. (1998). Open(ing) texts: Deconstruction and responding to poetry. <em>Theory Into Practice, 37<\/em>(3), 186-92.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Rolfe, G. (2004). Deconstruction in a nutshell. <em>Nursing Philosophy, 5<\/em>(3), 274-75.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Vandenberg, O. (1995). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/00138274\/ap030782\/03a00500\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=page&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cce4403500501a9948a&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deconstruction: Coming to terms<\/a>. <em>English Journal, 84<\/em>(2), 122-23. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Yates, L. (1997). Research Methodology, Education, and Theoretical Fashions: Constructing a Methodology Course in an Era of Deconstruction. <em>International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 10<\/em>(4), 487-98.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Delphi Survey Technique<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Custer, R., Scarcella, J. &amp; Stewart, B. R. (1999). <a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.lib.vt.edu\/ejournals\/JVTE\/v15n2\/custer.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The modified Delphi technique- A roational modification<\/a>. <em>Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 15<\/em>(2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Illinois Institute of Technology (n.d.). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iit.edu\/%7Eit\/delphi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Delphi method<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Descriptive Statistics (Cohort Analysis &amp; Demography<\/span><\/strong>)<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Bryson, M., Petrina, S., Braundy, M. &amp; de Castell, S. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cust.educ.ubc.ca\/programs\/tsed\/research\/articles\/conditions.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">&#8220;Conditions for Success&#8221;?: Gender in technology-intensive courses in British Columbia secondary schools<\/a>. <em>Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 3<\/em>(2). 185-193.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Petrina, S. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cust.educ.ubc.ca\/programs\/tsed\/Research\/Articles\/UBCFANewsletter04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Structural racisim at UBC?<\/a> <em>Faculty Focus: Newsletter of the Faculty Association of UBC, 37<\/em>(7), 4-5, 7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Design-Based Research<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Gorard, S., Roberts, K. &amp; Taylor, C. (2004). What kind of creature is a design experiment? <em>British Educational Research Journal, 30<\/em>(4), 577-590.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Kelly, A. E. (Ed.). (2003). Special issue: The role of design experiments in educational research. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aera.net\/publications\/?id=331\">Educational Researcher<\/a>, 32(1), 3-37.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Petrina, S., Brennan, K., Feng, F., Krug, D., James, K., Peterson, J. &amp; Mutt, R. (2006). Arts, Crafts and Design Based Research. Unpublished Manuscript.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Discourse Analysis <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Antaki, C., Billig, M., Edwards, D. &amp; Potter, J. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.shu.ac.uk\/daol\/articles\/open\/2002\/002\/antaki2002002-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Discourse analysis means doing analysis<\/a>. <em>Discourse Analysis Online<\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Hook, D. (2001). <a href=\"http:\/\/tap.sagepub.com\/cgi\/reprint\/11\/4\/521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Discourse, knowledge, materiality, history: Foucault and discourse analysis<\/a>. <em>Theory &amp; Psychology, 11<\/em>(4), 521-47.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">MacMillan, K. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lboro.ac.uk\/research\/mmethods\/resources\/links\/da_primer.html#psychology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Discourse analysis&#8211; A primer<\/em><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Potter, J. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/url?sa=U&amp;q=http:\/\/homepage.ntlworld.com\/jonathan.potter1\/JP%2520Articles\/M4DAHB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Discourse analysis<\/a>. In M. Hardy &amp; A. Bryman (Eds.), <em>Handbook of data analysis<\/em> (pp. 607-24). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Discursive Analysis <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ainsworth, S. (2002). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/templates\/jsp\/_synergy\/images\/full_article_pdf_btn3.jsp?text=%5B257KB%5D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The &#8216;feminine advantage&#8217;: A discursive analysis of the invisibility of older women workers<\/a>. <em>Gender, Work and Organization, 9<\/em>, 579-91.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Ethnography<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Eisenhardt, M. (2001). Educational ethnography past, present and future: Ideas to think with. <em>Educational Researcher, 30<\/em>(8), 16-27.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Thorp, L. (2003). Voices from the garden: A performance ethnography. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><em>Qualitative Inquiry, 9<\/em>(2), 312-24.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Feminist Research &amp; Standpoint Epistemology<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: small;\">Clough, P. (1993). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00136.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">On the brink of deconstructing sociology: A critical reading of Dorothy Smith&#8217;s standpoint epistemology<\/a>. <em>Sociological Quarterly, 34<\/em>(1), 169-182.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Roman, Leslie. (1993). Double exposure: The politics of feminist materialist<br \/>\nethnography. <em>Educational theory 43<\/em>(3), 279-308.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Smith, D. (1993). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00137.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High noon in textland: A critique of Clough<\/a>.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <em>Sociological Quarterly, 34<\/em>(1), 183-192.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Experiments<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Brown, J. R. (2002).<a href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thought-experiment\/#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Thought experiments<\/a>. In the <em>Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy<\/em>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Department of Psychology, Langara College. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.langara.bc.ca\/psychology\/APAstyle.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Writing Experimental Research<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Goodlad, L. M. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/journals\/victorian_studies\/v047\/47.2goodlad.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Toward a Victorian&#8217;s theory of androgynous experiment<\/a>. <em>Vistorian Studies, 47<\/em>(2), 215-29.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Gorard, S., Roberts, K. &amp; Taylor, C. (2004). What kind of creature is a design experiment? <em>British Educational Research Journal, 30<\/em>(4), 577-590.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Howe, K. (2005). The question of education science: &#8220;Experiment&#8221;ism versus &#8220;experimental&#8221;ism. <em>Educational Theory, 55<\/em>(3), 307-321.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Kelly, A. E. (Ed.). (2003). Special issue: The role of design experiments in educational research. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aera.net\/publications\/?id=331\">Educational Researcher<\/a>, 32(1), 3-37.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Mutz, D. (2005). Social trust in e-commerce: Experimental evidence for the effects of social trust on individual economic behavior. <em>Public Opinion Quarterly, 69<\/em>(3), 393-416.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Ryan, T. (2002). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.towson.edu\/%7Epryan\/statistics\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Evaluation of two (2) quantitative research articles<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Writing@CSU. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/writing.colostate.edu\/guides\/research\/experiment\/pop3e.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Differences between experimental and quasi-experimental research<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Hermeneutics<br \/>\n<\/strong> <span style=\"font-size: small;\">Howard, J. (2000). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/jspot\/2\/jhoward.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Left out: Politics and postmodern hermeneutics.<\/a> <em>Journal of Social and Poliotical Thought, 1<\/em>(2), 1-15.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Jardine, D. (1996). Restoring the Life of Language to Its Original Difficulty&#8221;: On Hermeneutics, Whole Language, and &#8220;Authenticity.&#8221; <em>Language Arts, 73<\/em>(4), 255-259.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Laverty, S. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/%7Eiiqm\/backissues\/2_3final\/pdf\/laverty.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hermeneutic phenomenology and phenomenology<\/a>. <em>International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2<\/em>(3), 1-29.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Perez-Gomez, A. &amp; Bronfman, S. R. (1999). <a href=\"http:\/\/upload.mcgill.ca\/architecture-theory\/hermeneutics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Heremeneutics of architectural discourse.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">von Post, I &amp; Eriksson, K. (1999). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1999.01182.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A hermeneutic textual analysis of suffering and caring in the peri-operative context<\/a>. <em>Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30<\/em>(4), 983-989.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Wattchow, B. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/ccfi.educ.ubc.ca\/publication\/insights\/v09n01\/articles\/wattchow.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Many voices speak the river: Education in an adventure\u00cfriver\u00cflandscape<\/a> <em>Educational Insights, 9<\/em>(1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Willis, P. <a href=\"http:\/\/66.102.7.104\/search?q=cache:VQsU6_pOjKoJ:www.ipjp.org\/august2004\/willis4e1.pdf%2Bhermeneutic%2Btext&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">From &#8220;the things themselves&#8221; to a &#8220;feeling of understanding&#8221;: Finding different voices in phenomenological research<\/a>. <em>Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 4<\/em>(1), 1-13.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Historiography<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: small;\">Petrina, S. (2002). Getting a purchase on \u201cThe School of Tomorrow\u201d and its constituent commodities: Histories and historiographies of technologies. <em>History of Education Quarterly, 42<\/em>(1), 75-111.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Tilly, C. (1990). <a href=\"http:\/\/proquest.umi.com\/pqdlink?index=11&amp;did=732634131&amp;SrchMode=3&amp;sid=1&amp;Fmt=6&amp;VInst=PROD&amp;VType=PQD&amp;RQT=309&amp;VName=PQD&amp;TS=1130095350&amp;clientId=6993&amp;aid=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How (and what) are historians doing?<\/a> <em>American Behavioral Scientist, 33<\/em>(6), 685-711.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Narrative<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: small;\">Casey, K. (1995). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/0091732x\/ap040022\/04a00060\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cce4403500501a0729e&amp;0-150.pdf\">The new narrative research in education<\/a>. <em>Review of research in education, volume 21<\/em> (pp. 211-253). Washington, DC: AERA. (JSTOR Download)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Conle, C. (2000). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/0362-6784.00162\">Thesis as inquiry or &#8220;what is the inquiry of narrative inquiry?&#8221;<\/a> <em>Curriculum Inquiry, 30<\/em>(2), 189-210.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Moss, G. (2004). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nova.edu\/ssss\/QR\/QR9-2\/moss.pdf\">Provisions of trustworthiness in critical narrative research<\/a>. <em>Qualitative Report, 9<\/em>(2), 359-374. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/mbamberg\/narrativeINQ\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Narrative Inquiry<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Phenomenology<span style=\"font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.phenomenologyonline.com\/articles\/sources.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Link to Texts in Phenomenology Online<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phenomenologyonline.com\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Phenomenology Online<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Barritt, L., Beekman, T., Bleeker, H. &amp; Mulderij, K. (1983). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.phenomenologyonline.com\/articles\/barrit1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analyzing phenomenological descriptions<\/a>. <em>Phenomenology + Pedagogy, 2<\/em>(1), 1-17.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Briod, M. (1985). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.phenomenologyonline.com\/articles\/briod.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The young child&#8217;s sense of time and the clock<\/a>. <em>Phenomenology + Pedagogy, 4<\/em>(1), 9-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Burch, R. 1990. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.phenomenologyonline.com\/articles\/burch2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Phenomenology, lived experience: Taking a measure of the topic<\/a>. <em>Phenomenology + Pedagogy, 8<\/em>(1), 130-160.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Gagnon, R. (n.d.). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.phenomenologyonline.com\/articles\/gagnon.html\">Understanding depression<\/a>. Phenomenology Online.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Political Ecology<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nPetrina, S. (2000). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cust.educ.ubc.ca\/programs\/tsed\/Research\/Books\/D&amp;T\/techeco.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The political ecology of design and technology education: An inquiry into methods<\/a>. <em>International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 10<\/em>(3), 207-237.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Political Economy <\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: small;\">Poterba, J. (1997). <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com\/cgi-bin\/fulltext\/49813\/PDFSTART\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Demographic structure and the political economy of public education<\/a>. <em>Journal of Policy and Analysis and Management, 16<\/em>(1), 48-66.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Postcolonialism<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Gallagos, B. P. (2002). Whose Lady of Guadalupe? Indigenous Performances, Latina\/o Identities, and the Postcolonial Project. <em>Journal of Latinos and Education, 1<\/em>(3), 177-91.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Gaztambide-Fernandez, R. A. (2002). Reggae, Ganja, and Black Bodies: Power, Meaning, and the Markings of Postcolonial Jamaica in Perry Henzell&#8217;s &#8220;The Harder They Come.&#8221; <em>Review of Education, Pedagogy, &amp; Cultural Studies, 24<\/em>(4), 353-76.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Kanu, Y. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science?_ob=MImg&amp;_imagekey=B6VD7-4GDBTBP-1-2&amp;_cdi=5975&amp;_user=1022551&amp;_orig=search&amp;_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2005&amp;_qd=1&amp;_sk=999749994&amp;view=c&amp;wchp=dGLbVzz-zSkWA&amp;md5=10be5a4a44792e33836a52302f89c53b&amp;ie=\/sdarticle.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tensions and Dilemmas of Cross-Cultural Transfer of Knowledge: Post-Structural\/postcolonial Reflections on an Innovative Teacher Education in Pakistan<\/a>. <em>International Journal of Educational Development, 25<\/em>(5), 493-513.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Karmat, S. (2004). Postcolonial aporias, or what does fundamentalism have to do with globalization? the contradictory consequences of education reform in India. <em>Comparative Education, 40<\/em>(2), 267-287.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Postmodernism<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(See Bricolage and Deconstruction)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Maclure, M. (1995). Postmodernism: A postscript. <em>Educational Action Research, 3<\/em>(1), 105-126.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Willinsky, J. (1991). Postmodern literacy: A primer. <em>Interchange, 22<\/em>(4), 56-76.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Poststructuralism<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(See Bricolage and Deconstruction)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Lather., P. (1992). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/cgi-bin\/jstor\/printpage\/00405841\/ap050141\/05a00030\/0-150.pdf?backcontext=table-of-contents&amp;dowhat=Acrobat&amp;config=jstor&amp;userID=8e67746f@ubc.ca\/01cce4403500501a9948a&amp;0-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical Frames in Educational Research: Feminist and Post-structural Perspective<\/a>. <em>Theory Into Practice, 31<\/em>(1), 87-99.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Lather, P (2002). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blackwell-synergy.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1741-5446.1998.00487.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Critical pedagogy and its complicities: A praxis of stuck places<\/a>. <em>Educational Theory, 48<\/em>(4).<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Tisdell, E. J. (1998). Poststructural Feminist Pedagogies: The Possibilities and Limitations of Feminist Emancipatory Adult Learning Theory and Practice. <em>Adult Education Quarterly, 48<\/em>(3), 139-56.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Bauhaus Md BT'; font-size: large;\"><b><a id=\"issues\" name=\"issues\"><\/a><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Methodological Issues<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong><a name=\"lit\"><\/a>Reviews of Literature<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nBoote, D. N. &amp; Beile, P. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aera.net\/uploadedFiles\/Publications\/Journals\/Educational_Researcher\/3406\/Boote.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scholars before researchers: On the centrality of the dissertation literature review in research preparation<\/a>. <em>Educational Researcher, 34<\/em>(6), 3-15.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Cooper, H. M. (1982). Scientific guideline for conducting integrative research reviews. <em>Review of Educational Research, 52<\/em>(2), 291-302.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Custer, R. L. (1993). Reviewing the literature.<em> Journal of Industrial Teacher Education, 30<\/em>(3), 7-12.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Jackson, G. B. (1980). Methods for integrati<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">ve reviews. <em>Review of Educational Research, 50<\/em>(3), 438-60.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Nielsen, H. B. (1995). Seductive texts with serious intentions. <em>Educational Researcher, 24<\/em>(1), 4-12.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><strong>Examples:<\/strong><br \/>\nPetrina, S. &amp; Guo, R. (in press). <a href=\"\/\/\/Users\/stephenpetrina\/Earth%20Shattering-Office\/Courses%20&amp;%20Primers\/Courses\/EDUC%20500\/Course%20Design\/Website%20%282005%29\/EDUC500\/Resources\/petrina&amp;guo.pdf\">Developing a large-scale assessment of technological literacy<\/a>. In M. Hoepfl &amp; M. Lindstrom (Eds.), <em>Assessment in technology education<\/em>. New York: Glencoe-McGraw Hill.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">See also issues of the <em>Review of Educational Research<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\">Theoretical Frameworks<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Camp, W. C. (2001). <a href=\"\/\/\/Users\/stephenpetrina\/Earth%20Shattering-Office\/Courses%20&amp;%20Primers\/Courses\/EDUC%20500\/Course%20Design\/Website%20%282005%29\/EDUC500\/Resources\/camp2001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Formulating and evaluating theoretical frameworks for career and technical education research<\/a>. <em>Journal of Vocational Education Research, 26<\/em>(1), 4-25.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Validity<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nGolafshani, N. (2003). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nova.edu\/ssss\/QR\/QR8-4\/golafshani.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research<\/a>.. <em>The Qualitative Report, 8<\/em>(4), 597-607.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Lather, P. (1993). Fertile obsession: Validity after postmodernism. <em>Sociological Quarterly, 34<\/em>(4), 673-693.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Methodological Genres :: Writing &amp; Reporting (2005) (The Methodological Writing Resources are examples of writing in specific research genres) (Access through UBC Library Portal if Necessary) Analysis (see Methods of Analysis) Aboriginalizing Methods Cole, P. (2002). Aboriginalizing methodology: Considering the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/methodologies\/methods\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1527,"featured_media":0,"parent":256,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-487","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1527"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=487"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":937,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/487\/revisions\/937"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ubc.ca\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}