When I read Respuesta a la muy ilustre sor Filotea de la Cruz I was trying to get an idea of how Sor Juana perceived the world and see where her concerns fit into a long lineage of feminist thought. Then when I was reading her poems a comparison between Sor Juana and Virginia Woolf struck me, and I finished the reading with Woolf’s famous essay “A Room of One’s Own” in mind. Though this essay covers many topics, one of Woolf’s main points is that “a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction,” in other words a woman must have financial autonomy and a personal space for creative self-realization.
For Sor Juana, the only avenue that led her to “A Room of One’s Own” was in a convent, and she renounced the pleasures of society and the security of marriage in order to have this private space to do what she wished, which was to amass a library of books, conduct scientific experiments, challenge social boundaries through her writing, and essentially exercise her great mind. Woolf was very aware of the double standards that determined the lives of women and men by restricting the opportunities open to the former, and that as a result of this inequality many extremely intelligent women who could have contributed to the scientific and cultural world were left to languish in the long shadows cast by men. Woolf illustrates this fact with the Judith, Shakespeare’s fictional sister, whose talents matched those of her brother but no doors were open to her by virtue of being a woman. This would have happened to Sor Juana had she not received money from benefactors she met at Court and been able to enter a convent that was liberal enough to permit her studies.
Interestingly, Woolf shares a number of rhetorical quirks with Sor Juana, such as their interest in exposing the prejudices of the reader and testing the capacity of language to convey the truth or form a web of lies. Like Woolf, Sor Juana presents a number of critiques on society, such as how sexual politics maneuver women into impossible situations in “Hombres necios que acusais” and how society puts too much emphasis on fleeting beauty over eternal wisdom in “En perseguirme, mundo ¿que interesas?” Sor Juana also expresses herself through parodies and half-truths, playing along with the invented “Sor Filotea” and pondering the relationship between language and truth. As Woolf says in her own piece “Lies will flow from my lips, but there may perhaps be some truth mixed up with them” and goes on to critically discuss the fictional university Oxbridge, a satirical hybrid of Oxford and Cambridge. If I knew both writers better I could probably draw more comparisons, but even so it fascinates that women from such diverse social contexts would have the same concerns with space and language.