The PCB on our robot performs several functions.
It supplies power to all parts of the robot and also incorperates the H-bridge motor control circuitry.
Our robot requires 3 different voltage levels to operate. The microcontroller runs on 3.3V, The IR sensors of both types require 5V and finally the laser, webcam and motor use 12V.
The microcontroller is powered by its own separate 3.3V battery. All other parts are powered by the main battery. The main battery supplies 12V, perfect for the motor and laser. The PCB incorporates a 5V voltage regulator to supply the IR sensors.
The H-bridge motor control uses a L298n chip to allow the microcontroller to control the speed and direction of the motor without directly connecting to the battery.