SANSKRIT GRAMMAR

INTRODUCTION

This sequence of handouts, videos, and other resources is intended to supplement students, instructors, researchers, and learners of Introductory and Intermediate Sanskrit at the University of British Columbia (UBCSANSKRIT).

These materials are not designed to be a standalone primer; rather, they are meant to supplement the Devavāṇipraveśikā primer by R.P. Goldman and S. Sutherland-Goldman (Third Edition, 2004). You are encouraged to purchase a physical copy of the DVP, available through MLBD.CO.IN in India, or through Amazon or other sources worldwide.

An earlier set of materials developed as part of the UBCSANSKRIT initiative are the UBC Sanskrit Learning Tools. This website (designed in 2008-10), which includes additional study aids and interactive features, may be accessed through the link below.

1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTORY GRAMMAR OVERVIEW
ŚĀNTI MANTRAS
2. PHONOLOGY
SANSKRIT PHONOLOGY CHART!
VOWEL STRENGTHENING (guṇa/vṛddhi)
3. DEVANĀGARĪ SCRIPT
MĀTRĀ COMBINATIONS
TRANSLITERATION SCHEMES
4. SANDHI
SANDHI RULES!
5. BASIC GRAMMAR
VIBHAKTI DIAGRAM (NOUN CASES)
VERB PARADIGMS: vad, bhāṣ, as, bhū
PRONOUN & NOUN DECLENSIONS
PRONOUNS: asmat/yuṣmat (I/We/You)
PRONOUNS: tat (He/she/it/they)
NOUN DECLENSIONS in -a: rāmaḥ (m) & pustakam (n)
NOUN DECLENSION in -ā: sītā
6. SYNTAX
VERBS: PERSONAL ENDINGS
“KYT” SERIES: Relatives, Correlatives, Questions, etc.
7. VERBS: PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT INDICATIVE TENSE (laṭ)
GAṆA-BY-GAṆA OVERVIEWS
CLASS 1: bhū gaṇa
CLASS 2: ad gaṇa
CLASS 3: gaṇa
CLASS 4: div gaṇa
CLASS 5: su gaṇa
CLASS 6: tud gaṇa
CLASS 7: rudh gaṇa
CLASS 8: tan gaṇa
CLASS 9: krī gaṇa
CLASS 10: cur gaṇa
8. VERBAL FORMS
THE IMPERFECT PAST TENSE (laṅ)
IMPERFECT EXAMPLES: bhū (P) & man (Ā)
PREFIXES, GERUNDS, INFINITIVES, etc.
VERBAL PREFIXES (upasargas)
GERUNDS (tvānta/lyabanta)
INFINITIVES (tumun)
VERBAL NOUNS (lyuṭ)
AGENTIVE NOUNS (tṛc)
9. PASSIVES
PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION (karmaṇi prayoga)
PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLES (ktaḥ)
PAST ACTIVE PARTICIPLES (ktavatu)
10. PRESENT SYSTEM
IMPERATIVE (loṭ)
OPTATIVE (liṅ)
PRESENT PARTICIPLES (śatṛ/śānac)
11. FUTURE SYSTEM
FUTURE TENSE (lṛṭ)
PERIPHRASTIC FUTURE (luṭ)
CONDITIONAL (lṛṅ)
FUTURE PARTICIPLE (lṛṭaḥ śatṛ/śānac)
GERUNDIVES (kṛtya)
12. PERFECT SYSTEM
PERFECT TENSE (liṭ)
PERIPHRASTIC PERFECT (liṭ)
PERFECT PARTICIPLE (kvasu/kānac)
13. SECONDARY DERIVATIONS
CONDITIONAL (ṇijanta)
DESIDERATIVE (sannanta)
INTENSIVE (yaṅanta)
DENOMINATIVE (nāmadhātu)
DENOMINATIVE (cvi pratyaya)
14. AORIST SYSTEM
AORISTS (luṅ)
15. COMPOUNDS
COMPOUNDS (samāsa)
NOUN DECLENSIONS
-A STEMS [m,n](rāmaḥ/pustakam)
-Ā STEMS [f] (sītā)
-I STEMS [m,f,n] (muniḥ/śaktiḥ/vāri)
-U STEMS [m,n,f](guruḥ/madhu/dhenuḥ)
-Ī STEMS [f](devī)
-AN STEMS [m](rājan/ātman)
-AN STEMS [n](nāman/karman)
-ANT STEMS [m,n](bhagavant/bhagavat)
-AḤ/IḤ/UḤ STEMS [n,m,f](tapas/aṅgiras/haviṣ/dhanuṣ)
-Ṛ STEMS [m,f,n](pitṛ/mātṛ/dātṛ)
-IN STEMS [m,n](yogin, rūpin)
CONSONANT-FINAL STEMS [f,m,n](vāc,brahmavid, virāj)
PRONOUN DECLENSIONS
TAT (saḥ/sā/tat)
IDAM (ayam/iyam/idam)
ADAS (asau/adas)
ASMAT & YUṢMAT
BHAVANT & BHAVATĪ
VERBAL PARADIGMS

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