Week 11

Family: Pinaceae: Needle-like or flattened linear leaves. Wood scales imbricate Cones.

Genus: Abies (Fir)

Needle-like leaves that are flat, waxy underneath & different cones. Cones disintegrate, leaving behind brackets. Round leaf scar.

Abies amabilis (n)
Common name: Pacific silver fir
Form/Height/Spread: Dense crown, upright 50 m.
Leaf Descript: Evergreen. Silver underneath.
Cone: Seed cones deep purple, upright.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 5. Moist forests, deep, well-drained soils in lowland subalpine zones. Tolerant of shade and small trees.

www.nwplants.com

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Abies_amabilis_cone_Rainier.jpg

Abies grandis (n)
Common name: Grand Fir
Form/Height/Spread: 40m high, 90cm diameter, cylindrical, oval rounded top.
Leaf Descript: Evergreen, horizontal needles, orange scent when crushed
Cone: Oval with blunt sharpened tip, green to purplish.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 4-8. Deep, well-drained alluvial soils, sometimes stand alone, often mixed with western red cedar, black cottonwood, western hemlock, Douglas-fir, red alder, and Sitka spruce. Moderately shade tolerant. Low elevations in coastal and interior forests of southern B.C.

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~bot356/species/aaImages/AbieGran.jpeg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Abies_grandis_01243.JPG

Abies lasiocarpa (n)
Common name: Subalpine fir
Form/Height/Spread: 30m by 75 cm, medium sized, shrubby, and crown narrow dense at top.
Leaf Descript: Tip rounded, grayish to green leaves. Evergreen. Spiral.
Cone: Barrel-shaped, grayish brown.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 5-8. High altitude tree in southern part of range. Variety of soil types, pure stand aloes or mixed with spruce, mountain hemlock, subalpine larch, white birch and trembling aspen. Colonizes on newly exposed ground. Reduces humus layer on forest cover. Shade tolerant. Found in central B.C. and upward.

http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/images/Abies%20lasiocarpa/leaf1.jpg

http://www.nwplants.com/images/commons/Abies_lasiocarpa_jko0927101.JPG

Abies koreana
Common name: Korean fir
Form/Height/Spread: Large, Pyramidal tree. 3-8ft, 3-6ft.
Leaf Descript: Simple needle. Spiral.
Cone: Male brown
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Full sun, needs protection in scorching conditions. Zone 4, part sun, part shade, windbreak specimen tree.

www.flickriver.com

Genus: Pinus (Pine)

Pinus parviflora
- Common name: Japanese white pine
- Form/Height/Spread: 20-40 ft, 20-50ft. Flat top, horizontal branching
- Leaf Descript: Needle, bundle of 5.
- Cone: Blue green cones
- Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 5-7. Full sun, well-drained. Tolerant of variety of soils. Dislikes heat/humidity. Tolerant of urban condition. Intolerant of atmospheric pollution

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Pinus-parviflora-close.JPG

Pinus contorta subsp. contorta (n)
Common name: shore pine
Form/Height/Spread: 5-12m, 4-6m, columnar conical
Leaf Descript: yellowish green needles in pairs. Evergreen.
Cone: Seed cones egg-shaped
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Full sun, acidic soil. Tolerant of flooding and drought, salt spray and polluted soils but not tolerant of shade. Zone 2. Specimen, accent, screen, slap or container.

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2456/4038283016_53cff0f12b.jpg

https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8538/8614354306_d25395cd1d.jpg

Pinus mugo
Common name: mugo pine
Form/Height/Spread:3-7,4-6m
Leaf Descript: Evergreen, needles in pairs. Slightly twisted or straight.
Cone: Seed cones brown ovoid.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 3, Full sun in any acidic soil. Tolerant of flood, drought, salt spray or polluted soils but not shade. Specimen, accent, screen, suitable for slab or large container.

http://newfs.s3.amazonaws.com/taxon-images-1000s1000/Pinaceae/pinus-mugo-fr-pdrobot-b.jpg

Pinus nigra
Common name: Austrian pine
Form/Height/Spread: 7-15, 5-7m, rounded pyramidal, horizontal branching.
Leaf Descript: Evergreen, dark green needles in pairs, slightly twisted and curved.
Cone: Narrowly ovoid.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 4, full sun acidic soil. Tolerant of flood, drought, salt spray, polluted soil but not shade. Specimen, screen, accent, slab.

http://www.hainaultforest.co.uk/Black%20pine.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pinus_nigra_laricio_leaves_02_by_Line1.JPG/576px-Pinus_nigra_laricio_leaves_02_by_Line1.JPG

Pinus sylvestris
Common name: Scots pine
Form/Height/Spread: 7-12m, 7-10m, rounded with irregular branching
Leaf Descript: Blue green to green needles in pairs.
Cone: Green to brown, ovoid cones.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 2, full sun, acidic soil, intolerant hade. Highly tolerant of flood, drought, salt spray, polluted soil. Specimen, accent, slab, screen, container.

Genus: Picea (Spruce)

Picea breweriana
Common name: Brewer’s spruce
Form/Height/Spread: Narrow conic-columnar, descending branches. 8-15, 6-8m
Leaf Descript: Evergreen, spirally arranged, flat and blunt.
Cone: Purple red in spring, brown when ripe.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 6, full sun acidic, summer moist, well-drained soil. Tolerant of infertile, compact soil, flooding, winds. Intolerant of extreme heat, shade, or drought. Specimen or grove.

http://www.tree-guide.com/images/weeping-spruce-branch.jpg

Picea Pungens
Common name: Colorado spruce
Form/Height/Spread: Broad conical, horizontal branching. 8-15m, 6-8m.
Leaf Descript: Spiral, 4 sided, sharp pointed
Cone: Deep red then light brown when ripe.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 2, full sun in acidic summer, moist, well-drained soil. Tolerant of infertile compact soil, occasional flooding, wind but not tolerant of extreme heat, shade or drought. Specimen, accent, grove.

http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/pic_pun.jpg

Picea sitchensis
Common name: Sitka spruce
Form/Height/Spread: Dense conical, 10-20, 8-12m
Leaf Descript: Evergreen, spirally, fattened, sharp point. Green to light green.
Cone: Pinkish purples to light brown when ripe.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 6, Full sun acidic, summer, moist, well-drained soil. Tolerant of compact soil, flooding, wind but not heat, shade or drought in shallow soil. Specimen, accent, grove.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picea_sitchensis#/media/File:Picea_sitchensis1.jpg

Genus: P. menziesii

Pseudotsuga menziesii (n)
Common name: Douglas fir
Form/Height/Spread: Columnar conic. 10-20, 6-10m.
Leaf Descript: Spirally arranged, flattened, blunt or sharp pointed (but not prickly) needles.
Cone: Long-elliptical conical, three pointed bracts.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, and Limit): Zone 4, full sun, well-drained soil, open sites. Tolerant of wind, heat, shade, but not poor drainage. Specimen, accent, screen or away from buildings or utilities.
www.gbif.org
http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/images/Pseudotsuga%20menziesii/twig1.jpg

Genus: Thuja

Thuja plicata (n)
Common name: western red cedar
Form/Height/Spread: conical. 10-20, 8-12m
Leaf Descript: Aromatic evergreen, leave scale overlapping scales.
Cone: Ovate, imbricate scales.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 5, full sun to part shade, acidic moist soil. Tolerant of shade & de-icing salt but not of heat or dryness. Specimen, accent, screen or hedge.

http://courses.washington.edu/bot113/conifer_slides/conifer_slides_II-Images/10.jpg

Genus: Tsuga (hemlock)

Tsuga heterophylla (n)
Common name: western hemlock
Form/Height/Spread: 10-20, 6-15m. Conical.
Leaf Descript: Spiral, dark green needles, evergreen.
Cone: Seed cones ovoid
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 6, full sun to shade in moist, well-drained soil. Intolerant of exposure to heat, low humidity, dry winds, air pollution, de-icing salt, compact, drought or flooded soil. Rain/snow adapted. Specimen, accent, screen, hedge or grove.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Tsuga_heterophylla_cone_Mt_Washington.jpg

Tsuga mertensiana
Common name: mountain hemlock
Form/Height/Spread: Cylindrical/conical. 6-12m, 4-8m.
Leaf Descript: evergreen, spiral, green/grey/blue, needle like
Cone: cylindrical
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 4, full sun to part shade, moist, well drained rich soil. Snow adapted. Intolerant of heat, de-icing salt, compact, droughty or flooded soils.

www.conifers.org

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Tsuga_mertensiana_9256.JPG

Family: Cupressaceae

Genus: Cupress:

Cupressus nootkatensis (n)
Common name: yellow cedar
Form/Height/Spread: cylindrical conical. 8-15, 5-10m.
Leaf Descript: evergreen, overlapping scale dark green
Cone: small seed cones with tiny pointed umbos.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): zone 5, full sun, semi shade, moist acidic soils Tolerates urban conditions, saturated soil, rain/snow adapted, specimen, screen, background.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Cupressus_nootkatensis_5872.JPG

Genus: Chamaecyparis

Chamaecyparis obtusa
Common name: Hinoki cypress
Form/Height/Spread: Columnar-conic. 5-8, 4-7m
Leaf Descript: Evergreen, overlapping scales.
Cone: Spherical seed cones.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, and Limit): Zone 4, full sun to semi shade, moist, ell drained, rich soil, needs air circulation. Tolerant of most urban conditions, intolerant of saturated soil. Rain and snow adapted. Specimen or accent, residential, slab or larger container.

https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~jhayden/conifers/chamaecyparis_obtusa_3s.JPG

Genus: Cryptomeria

Cryptomeria japonica Elegans Group
Common name: Japanese cedar
Form/Height/Spread: cylindrical-conic, dense. 6-10, 4-6m.
Leaf Descript: Evergreen overlapping scales, forward pointing.
Cone: Small globose cones with 3 or more toot like projections.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone6, full sun, moist, well-drained soil, tolerant most urban conditions or drought but not poor drainage or drying winds. Specimen, suitable for slab or large container.

https://plantmaterials.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/cryptomeria-japonica-elegans-group1.jpg

Genus: Juniperus (Juniper)

Juniperus communis (n)
Common name: common juniper
Form/Height/Spread: Shrubby to narrowly conical. 3-6, 2-4m
Leaf Descript: Prickly, evergreen, green/blue awl shade, jointed needles.
Cone: Berry like cones.
Site (Sun, Soil, Water, Limit): Zone 2, full sun in well drained, acidic soils, tolerant of most urban conditions, air pollution, heat or drought but not shade/cool, wet conditions. Damage from wet snow. Specimen, accent barrier, hedge, or screen.