| Ecology | The study of organisms, both plant and animal, and how they interact with each other |
| Mutual Adaptation | Also known as mutualism, where species change (adapt) such that other species also benefit. A win-win situation. |
| Keystone Species | A species that has a great (disproportionate) effect on its environment |
| Invader Species | A non-native species that is introduced into a new environment and has a competitive advantage |
| Reciprocal Altruism | When a species or organism does temporary harm (or takes a disadvantage) to itself in order to help a different orgranism |
| Meme | An idea, behaviour, style, or usage that spreads from person to person within a culture (Webster, n.d.) |
| Longevity | The ability for a species to replicate without making errors. The resistance to disadvantageous change |
| Copy Fidelity | The favouring of a trait in reproduction because it has less errors |