01/1/25

Édith Butler (1942–)

“Tall and regal, dressed all in white, Edith Butler sparkles on stage,” Le Droit (Ottawa, 12 April 1979). Hailed as the “mother of Acadian music,” Edith’s captivating presence allows her to share Acadian folksongs and culture with the world.

Born in the remote village of Paquetville, NB in 1942, singer-songwriter Edith Butler was raised by a family of musicians. She performed at cafés while studying at l’Université de Moncton where she earned a Bachelor of Arts. After a brief period of teaching school (1964-1966), Edith acquired a Master’s degree in ethnographic research at Laval University, QC. She remained active in the musical community during these years, including performances at festivals, on Halifax TV, in boîtes à chansons[1], and the leading role in the film Les Acadiens de la dispersion (National Film Board of Canada, 1964).

As Edith’s musical career developed, she began touring internationally. Edith started composing her own songs in the early 70s and collaborating with her agent Lise Aubut. These compositions reflect New Brunswick’s Acadian and Mi’kmaq culture and history. Edith and Lise established les Éditions de l’Arcadie and l’Acalf[2] in 1975. They also formed the record company SPPS[3] with Angèle Arsenault, and Jacqueline Lemay in 1974.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Edith continued to perform across Canada and Europe. She won the Prix international de la chanson (1981) and the Grand prix du disque de l’Académie Charles-Cros (1983) for her album De Paquetville à Paris. Edith won two Félix trophies and her albums … et le party continue! (1986) and Party pour danser (1987) were certified gold.

Edith’s effortless beauty and full-throated vocals combined with “rollicking footstomping” made her an ideal recipient for numerous awards: the Ordre du Mérite de la culture française (1971) and the Officer of the Order of Canada (1975) are two of many. She was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame for her song “Paquetville,” in 2007.

Although she is well-known for her colourful, infectious energy in Acadian folk song, Edith holds her audience through the most soft, sobering laments as well. A variety of instruments appear at her shows, including the banjo, dulcimer, guitar, harmonica, drum, and violin. Edith’s blend of traditional folk songs with new compositions preserves while expanding Acadian art. Despite the unjust deportation and hardships of the Acadians, they endured as America’s first francophone culture through a fierce oral tradition. Edith Butler is an undisputed pioneer and advocate of Acadian heritage.

[1] Intimate performance spaces for young musicians. Benoît L’Herbier, “Boîtes à chansons,” The Canadian Encyclopedia, February 7, 2006, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/boites-a-chansons-emc (accessed January 20, 2025).

[2] Acronym for Aide à la création artistique et littéraire de la femme. Sarah Church et al. “Edith Butler,” The Canadian Encyclopedia, August 10, 2010, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edith-butler-emc (accessed January 20, 2025).

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01/1/25

Québec

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Suggested Sources:

  • Louder, D., Morissonneau, C., and Waddell, E. 1979. Du continent perdu à l’archipel retrouvé: Le Québec et l’Amérique française. Cahiers de géographie du Québec, 23(58), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.7202/021419ar

Related Contents:

“La Bolduc”

“Félix Leclerc”

“Gille Vigneault”

“Pauline Julien”

“Paul Piché”

“Raoûl Duguay”

“Robert Charlebois”

“Claude Gauthier”

“Claude Dubois”

“La bottine souriante”

01/1/25

Fédération des francophones hors Québec (1975–1991)

NOTE: The Fédération des francophones hors Québec (FFHQ) becomes the Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada (FCFA) in June 1991.

Suggested Sources:

12/29/24

Rita Joe (1932–2007)

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Suggested Sources:

Film by Brain Guns, “Song of Eskasoni (28 min)” National Film Board website, https://www.nfb.ca/film/song_of_eskasoni/

12/29/24

Boîtes à chansons

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Suggested Sources:

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12/28/24

Abitibi-Témiscamingue

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Suggested Sources:

“Generation Mobilisation,” short  documentary film by Mélanie KistabishEza Paventi & Kim Nguyen Xuan: https://www.nfb.ca/film/generation-mobilisation/

NFB synopsis: One hundred years after signing Treaty 9 with the federal government, the Abitibiwinni of the Algonquin Nation are calling for respect for their lands, history, culture and rights. Since 2004, Wapikoni Mobile has been giving young Aboriginals the opportunity to speak out using video and music.

Related Contents:

Raoûl Duguay, “La biti a tibi”

12/28/24

Hudson’s Bay Company

Hudson’s Bay Company was chartered on May 2, 1670. It began as a fur trading business as aresult of the increasing demand in beaver fur, and it would later become one of the largest furtrade companies in the world. As of today, Hudson’s Bay Company is a private business ownedby a holding company. The company was founded when French traders Médard Chouart desGroseilliers and his brother-in-law, Pierre-Esprit Radisson, after being rejected Quebec andFrench support, sought patronage of England by proposing a trading route that reached theinterior part of the continent. This route eventually gave traders easy access to fur resourcesfrom the local indigenous people. After being persuaded by Prince Rupert of the idea of a furtrade and its economic potential of that region, King Charles II agreed to finance a voyage toHudson Bay.
The first voyage happened on June 3, 1688 with Radisson setting out on the Eaglet and desGroseilliers on the Nonsuch. The Eaglet was damaged by a storm, however, the Nonsuchreturned a year later with a cargo of beaver pelts. Convinced by this return, later on May 2,1760, King Charles II granted a Royal Charter to Prince Rupert and his “Company ofAdventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay,” hence the Hudson’s Bay Company wasofficially established. This royal charter gave the company the control of trade and ownership ofall lands surrounded by the water flowing into the Bay, which was later named Rupert’s Land,this totaled to be more than 3 million square miles of land. This territory ultimately becameprovinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, southern Alberta, parts of British Columbia, northwest-Nunavut Territory, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec. It also covered regions of present-day Montana, Minnesota, and North and South Dakota. In fact, many parts of Rupert’s Landlater became known as “Métis Homeland” by the Métis people.
As a result of the fur trade, Indigenous people’s lifestyle and economy has changed; manycame to rely on European manufactured goods and food for survival, and led to an increasedcompetition among Indigenous peoples for European goods. Previously, Indigenous tradersmostly acted as the middlemen, as they brought furs from communities hidden further inland totrading posts. Later more indigenous people moved away from their territory in search of furanimals in order to obtain a better trade position.
Among the goods traded, beaver pelts were the most valuable to the settlers, and they wereconsidered the highest quality after trapping during fall and winter months. The indigenoustraders traded beaver pelts for metal goods like guns, also textiles and food. They had acurrency of the fur trade which was the Made Beaver coin, this was introduced in order tostandardize trade; one beaver coin was equivalent to one prime beaver skin.

Suggested Sources:

Arthur J. Ray, “Hudson’s Bay Company,” The Canadian Encyclopedia, Nathan Coschi, Leanna Fong, Sasha Yusufali, Nathan Baker, and Jessica Poulin (eds.). Published online, 2 April 2009; Last edited, 19 January 2013. Accessed online, 6 March 2025, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hudsons-bay-company

Harris, Carolyn, “Rupert’s Land,” Canada’s History. Published online, 26 October 2016. Accessed online, 6 March 2025, https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/exploration/rupert-s-land 

“What is Rupert’s Land?” Rupert’s Land Institute. Accessed online, 6 March 2025, https://www.rupertsland.org/about/what-is-ruperts-land/ 

“The Fur Trade,” The Canadian Encyclopedia, Accessed online 6 March 2025, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/the-fur-trade.

“Hudson’s Bay Company Beginnings,” ‌CBC History, Accessed online, 6 March 2025, https://www.cbc.ca/history/EPCONTENTSE1EP6CH1PA5LE.html 

Related Contents:

Métis People

Other Materials:

Film about Métis struggles with monopoly of HBC: https://www.nfb.ca/film/mistress_madeleine/

Synopsis (NFB): Part of the Daughters of the Country series, this film, set in the 1850s, unfolds against the backdrop of the Hudson’s Bay Company’s monopoly of the fur trade. In protest, some Métis engage in trade with the Americans. Madeleine, the Métis common-law wife of a Hudson’s Bay Company clerk, is torn between loyalty to her husband and loyalty to her brother, a freetrader. Even more shattering, a change in company policy destroys Madeleine’s happy and secure life, forcing her to re-evaluate her identity.

12/28/24

J’entends le moulin

French Lyrics:

J’entends le moulin (tique tique taque)

Mon père a fair bâtir maison.
La fait bâtir à trois pignons.
Sont trois charpentiers qui la font.
Le plus jeune c’est mon mignon.

Qu’apporte-tu dans ton jupon?
C’est un pâté de trois pigeons.
Asseyons-nous et le mangeons.

En s’asseyant il fit un bond,
Qui fit trembler mer et poisson
Et les cailloux qui sont au fond.

English Translation:

I hear the millwheel (tique tique taque)
My father is having a house built.
It’s being built with three gables.
There are three carpenters building it.
The youngest is my darling.
What do you have in your apron?
It’s a pie made of three pigeons.
Let’s sit down and eat it.
While sitting down they all lept up,
Causing the sea and fish to tremble,
and the stones on the bottom of the sea.

 

Selected Sources:

12/28/24

Les voyageurs

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 “Shooting the Rapids”

Top: “Quetico Superior Route, passing a waterfall.” Painting by Francis Anne Hopkins, 1869.
Botton: “Shooting the rapids, in a master canoe.” Painting by Francis Anne Hopkins, [date].

 

Suggested Sources:

Related Contents:

“C’est l’aviron” (traditional)

“J’entends le moulin” (traditional)

“V’là le bon vent” (traditional; France)

“Chevaliers de la table ronde” (traditional)

“Auprès de ma blonde” (traditional; France)

“À Saint-Malo beau port de mer” (traditional; France)

Other Materials: